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Physics > Topic 4 / 5 > Flashcards

Topic 4 / 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what happens when a wave meets a glass block

A

when the wavefront meets the glass block it slows down
the beam bends towards the normal
angle of refraction is smaller than the angle if incidence
when the beam leaves the blcok teh smae happens but opposite
leaves block parallel to teh original direction

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2
Q

when a wave enters a material frequency…

A

the frequency is constant and for this to happen both the speed and wavelength have to chnage in the same way

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3
Q

triangle

A

white light eners
spectrum of light

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4
Q

violet

A

refracts more than red light
- travels more slowely than red light a wave refracts more if there is a gretaer distance in speeds between the two media

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5
Q

red

A

longest wavelength

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6
Q

why is a thin beam of light used

A

so it can be traced easily to mesure the angle

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7
Q

dark room

A

clearly see the ray

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8
Q

incident ray

A

when a wave is approaching an object from a different medium

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9
Q

absorbed

A

waves are taken in by media

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10
Q

transmitted

A

when a wave has passed all teh way though the medium

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11
Q

reflected

A

wave is cast off medium

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12
Q

why is ice blue

A

teh object absorbs all the colours apart from blue which is reflected

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13
Q

cucumber though red filter

A

teh cucumber would look black because green is reflected but not transmitted by red filter

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14
Q

P waves

A

travel faster

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15
Q

S waves

A

cant travel though liquid

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16
Q

//////_/

A

specular reflection
light waves in the same direction from a uniform surface

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17
Q

/>-//

A

diffuse reflection
light waves scattered in random directions off a non uniform surface

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18
Q

sound in ear

A

-sound waves reach ear drums causing it to vibrate
- these vibration are passed onto tiny bones in your ear called ossicles though your semicircular canals and to teh choclea
- the choclea turns these vibrations into electrical signals which get sent to your brain
- brain interprets signals as sounds of idfferent pitches and volumes - a higher pitch has a higher frequency
- human hearing is restriced by the size of cholea and aparts on the ear that vibrate to transmitt wave

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19
Q

transverse waves

A

light waves
vibrations move perpendicular to the direction of the wave travelling
- ripples in water
s-waves

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20
Q

longitudinal waves

A

sound waves
p waves
vibrations move parallel to the direction of the wave
squash up and stretch out the arrangement of particles in the medium they pass through making compressions (high pressure lost of particles) ad refractions (low pressure, fewer particles)

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21
Q

Interphase

A

the boundary where two mediums meet e.g. air + glass

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22
Q

normal

A

a line 90 to the interphase

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23
Q

when a wave enters a medium it

A

changes speed

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24
Q

wave slows down

A

the wave bends towards the normal
angle of refractions is smaller than incidence

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25
wave speeds up
the wave bends away from teh normal angle of refractions is larger than incidence
26
can be projected
real
27
cant be projected
virtual
28
opposite wy up
inverted
29
right way up
erect
30
bigger
magnified
31
smaller
diminished
32
focal length
distance between the centre of the lens and the focal point
33
focal point
where all parallel light rays converge to/ diverge from
34
white light
is made up from a spectrum of different colour all with a different wavelength and frequency
35
chocleon implant
microphone and electrical package worn in the ear electrodes are implanted in the choclea , stimulating the auditory nerve and detects signals as sounds replace ear drum and amplify soudns
36
ultra sound is sound with
sound with frequency over 20,000 Hz
37
used of ultra sounds
finding flaws in pipes
38
pregnancy scan
the ultra sound can pass though teh body but when it reaches a boundary between two different media e.g. fluid in the womb and foreskin the exect timing of teh distribution of these echoses are processed to produced videos
39
bats
navigate though dark areas by elolocation they emit high frequency waves which hits objects
40
total internal reflection
above the critical angle reflected totally
41
critical angle
angle of refraction is 90
42
define wave
carries energy but not matter
43
infrasound
frequencies below 20Hz humans can't hear it
44
Describe how hitting the rod causes a sound wave to travel along the inside of the rod
particles vibrate in a fixed position more causing the other particles to vibrate, longitudinal, compressions
45
waves bend away from normal
when entering a less dence medium e.g. glass to air
46
Explain how vibrations from earthquakes may be used to study the core of the Earth
- siesometers -
47
uses for ultrsound
foetal scanning dog whistle echo location flaws in pipes
48
used for infrasound
- observing the earth's structure - communication of animals like whales
49
high frequency
dangerous
50
neumonic for electromagnetic stpectrum
raging mice invade vencie with xray guns radio waves, microwaves, infared, vistable light, x-ray, gamma rays
51
short wavlegth
high frequency/ danger
52
light trvle at _____ in a vacum
3 times 10^8
53
how are electromagnetic waves similar
- transverse waves - transfer energy but not matter - same speed in a vacum
54
how are electromagnetic waves different
difefecent frequencies, wavlengths
55
what colour has the highest frequency
violet
56
discovering infrared
- red was the vosable light with the greatest temperature increase - teh thermoiter was placed beyond the red light and the temperature increased - proving that there was light there that wasn't visible
57
uses of microwaves
heating food water particles in food absorb energy causing them to heat satellites in space can pass through earths atmosphere without being reflected or refracted
58
uses of radio waves
- communication, radio signal can be transmitted long distances and be reflected off objects not absorbed - longer radiowaves can spread out of hills
59
infrared
cooking food- easily absorbed off surface of objects checks building for heat lossses
60
visible light
communication using fibre optics thin strands of glass, pulses used to carry information short wavelength so cn carry lots of information
61
ultra violet
energy efficient lightbulb- short wavlength so carries more energy than visable light requires less energy than visible light sun tanning
62
x-rays
broken bones absorbed by bones treat cancer
63
gamma rays
traet, detect cancer
64
dangers of radio waves
transmitted through body without being absorbed
65
i
i
66
dangers of infrared
some wavelength csn be absorbed causingg heating of cells which may be dangerous can burn skin if gets too hot but mostly reflected
67
dangers of visable light
mostly reflected/ absorbed by skin
68
dangers of ultra violet
absobed by skin, higher frequency so more dangerous, can lead to skin cancer
69
dangers of gamma rays and x-rays
can cause mutations, damGE CELLS, PASS THROUGH SKIN AND BE ABSORBED by deeper tissues
70
greenhouse effect
1. short wavlength from sun arrives on earth 2. the surface of earth absorbs the radiation and warms 3. the earth emitts at a longer wavelength infared radiation 4. some of the emitted radiation is absorbed by water vapour and co2 5. wavetr vapour and co2 now emit back at absorbed infared radiation to the earth 6. surface heats
71
osillations are
current (flow of electrons) that continually change direction * current flows up and down in a (transmitting) aerial * alternating current (AC) * this generates radio waves in the air around the aerial * the frequency of the radio waves corresponds to the oscillation frequency
72
when wave enters block
walength and wave speed decrease

Physics (13 decks)

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