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Physics > Topic 4 / 5 > Flashcards

Topic 4 / 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

what happens when a wave meets a glass block

A

when the wavefront meets the glass block it slows down
the beam bends towards the normal
angle of refraction is smaller than the angle if incidence
when the beam leaves the blcok teh smae happens but opposite
leaves block parallel to teh original direction

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2
Q

when a wave enters a material frequency…

A

the frequency is constant and for this to happen both the speed and wavelength have to chnage in the same way

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3
Q

triangle

A

white light eners
spectrum of light

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4
Q

violet

A

refracts more than red light
- travels more slowely than red light a wave refracts more if there is a gretaer distance in speeds between the two media

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5
Q

red

A

longest wavelength

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6
Q

why is a thin beam of light used

A

so it can be traced easily to mesure the angle

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7
Q

dark room

A

clearly see the ray

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8
Q

incident ray

A

when a wave is approaching an object from a different medium

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9
Q

absorbed

A

waves are taken in by media

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10
Q

transmitted

A

when a wave has passed all teh way though the medium

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11
Q

reflected

A

wave is cast off medium

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12
Q

why is ice blue

A

teh object absorbs all the colours apart from blue which is reflected

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13
Q

cucumber though red filter

A

teh cucumber would look black because green is reflected but not transmitted by red filter

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14
Q

P waves

A

travel faster

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15
Q

S waves

A

cant travel though liquid

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16
Q

//////_/

A

specular reflection
light waves in the same direction from a uniform surface

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17
Q

/>-//

A

diffuse reflection
light waves scattered in random directions off a non uniform surface

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18
Q

sound in ear

A

-sound waves reach ear drums causing it to vibrate
- these vibration are passed onto tiny bones in your ear called ossicles though your semicircular canals and to teh choclea
- the choclea turns these vibrations into electrical signals which get sent to your brain
- brain interprets signals as sounds of idfferent pitches and volumes - a higher pitch has a higher frequency
- human hearing is restriced by the size of cholea and aparts on the ear that vibrate to transmitt wave

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19
Q

transverse waves

A

light waves
vibrations move perpendicular to the direction of the wave travelling
- ripples in water
s-waves

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20
Q

longitudinal waves

A

sound waves
p waves
vibrations move parallel to the direction of the wave
squash up and stretch out the arrangement of particles in the medium they pass through making compressions (high pressure lost of particles) ad refractions (low pressure, fewer particles)

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21
Q

Interphase

A

the boundary where two mediums meet e.g. air + glass

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22
Q

normal

A

a line 90 to the interphase

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23
Q

when a wave enters a medium it

A

changes speed

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24
Q

wave slows down

A

the wave bends towards the normal
angle of refractions is smaller than incidence

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25
Q

wave speeds up

A

the wave bends away from teh normal
angle of refractions is larger than incidence

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26
Q

can be projected

A

real

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27
Q

cant be projected

A

virtual

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28
Q

opposite wy up

A

inverted

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29
Q

right way up

A

erect

30
Q

bigger

A

magnified

31
Q

smaller

A

diminished

32
Q

focal length

A

distance between the centre of the lens and the focal point

33
Q

focal point

A

where all parallel light rays converge to/ diverge from

34
Q

white light

A

is made up from a spectrum of different colour all with a different wavelength and frequency

35
Q

chocleon implant

A

microphone and electrical package worn in the ear
electrodes are implanted in the choclea , stimulating the auditory nerve and detects signals as sounds
replace ear drum and amplify soudns

36
Q

ultra sound is sound with

A

sound with frequency over 20,000 Hz

37
Q

used of ultra sounds

A

finding flaws in pipes

38
Q

pregnancy scan

A

the ultra sound can pass though teh body but when it reaches a boundary between two different media e.g. fluid in the womb and foreskin the exect timing of teh distribution of these echoses are processed to produced videos

39
Q

bats

A

navigate though dark areas by elolocation they emit high frequency waves which hits objects

40
Q

total internal reflection

A

above the critical angle reflected totally

41
Q

critical angle

A

angle of refraction is 90

42
Q

define wave

A

carries energy but not matter

43
Q

infrasound

A

frequencies below 20Hz humans can’t hear it

44
Q

Describe how hitting the rod causes a sound wave to travel along the inside of the rod

A

particles vibrate in a fixed position more causing the other particles to vibrate, longitudinal, compressions

45
Q

waves bend away from normal

A

when entering a less dence medium e.g. glass to air

46
Q

Explain how vibrations from earthquakes may be used to study the core of the Earth

A
  • ## siesometers
47
Q

uses for ultrsound

A

foetal scanning
dog whistle
echo location
flaws in pipes

48
Q

used for infrasound

A
  • observing the earth’s structure
  • communication of animals like whales
49
Q

high frequency

A

dangerous

50
Q

neumonic for electromagnetic stpectrum

A

raging mice invade vencie with xray guns
radio waves, microwaves, infared, vistable light, x-ray, gamma rays

51
Q

short wavlegth

A

high frequency/ danger

52
Q

light trvle at _____ in a vacum

A

3 times 10^8

53
Q

how are electromagnetic waves similar

A
  • transverse waves
  • transfer energy but not matter
  • same speed in a vacum
54
Q

how are electromagnetic waves different

A

difefecent frequencies, wavlengths

55
Q

what colour has the highest frequency

A

violet

56
Q

discovering infrared

A
  • red was the vosable light with the greatest temperature increase
  • teh thermoiter was placed beyond the red light and the temperature increased
  • proving that there was light there that wasn’t visible
57
Q

uses of microwaves

A

heating food
water particles in food absorb energy causing them to heat
satellites in space
can pass through earths atmosphere without being reflected or refracted

58
Q

uses of radio waves

A
  • communication, radio signal
    can be transmitted long distances and be reflected off objects not absorbed
  • longer radiowaves can spread out of hills
59
Q

infrared

A

cooking food- easily absorbed off surface of objects
checks building for heat lossses

60
Q

visible light

A

communication using fibre optics
thin strands of glass, pulses used to carry information short wavelength so cn carry lots of information

61
Q

ultra violet

A

energy efficient lightbulb- short wavlength so carries more energy than visable light
requires less energy than visible light
sun tanning

62
Q

x-rays

A

broken bones
absorbed by bones
treat cancer

63
Q

gamma rays

A

traet, detect cancer

64
Q

dangers of radio waves

A

transmitted through body without being absorbed

65
Q

i

A

i

66
Q

dangers of infrared

A

some wavelength csn be absorbed causingg heating of cells which may be dangerous
can burn skin if gets too hot but mostly reflected

67
Q

dangers of visable light

A

mostly reflected/ absorbed by skin

68
Q

dangers of ultra violet

A

absobed by skin, higher frequency so more dangerous, can lead to skin cancer

69
Q

dangers of gamma rays and x-rays

A

can cause mutations, damGE CELLS, PASS THROUGH SKIN AND BE ABSORBED by deeper tissues

70
Q

greenhouse effect

A
  1. short wavlength from sun arrives on earth
  2. the surface of earth absorbs the radiation and warms
  3. the earth emitts at a longer wavelength infared radiation
  4. some of the emitted radiation is absorbed by water vapour and co2
  5. wavetr vapour and co2 now emit back at absorbed infared radiation to the earth
  6. surface heats
71
Q

osillations are

A

current (flow of electrons) that
continually change direction
* current flows up and down in a
(transmitting) aerial
* alternating current (AC)
* this generates radio waves in the air
around the aerial
* the frequency of the radio waves
corresponds to the oscillation frequency

72
Q

when wave enters block

A

walength and wave speed decrease

Physics (13 decks)

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