Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

biodiversity

A

the amount of living or biological diversity per unit area.

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2
Q

species diversity

A

variety of species per unit area, number of species present and their relative abundance

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3
Q

habitat diversity

A

the range of different habitats or number of niches per unit area in ecosystem or biome. conservation of hd leads to conservation of sd and gd

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4
Q

genetic diversity

A

the range of genetic material in a gene pool or population of a species.

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5
Q

speciation

A

the process through wichih new species form

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6
Q

isolation

A

the process by which two populations become separated by geographical, behavioural genetic or reproductive factors. if gene flow between the two is prevented new species may evolve

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7
Q

evolution

A

the cumulative, gradual change in the genetic characteristics of successive generations of a species , giving rise to species or races different from common ancestor. evolution reflects changes in the genetic composition of a population over time.

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8
Q

diversity

A

refers to heterogeneity or variability of a species, community or ecosystem.

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9
Q

environmental isolation

A

geographic ranges overlap but niches are different

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10
Q

temporal isolation

A

animals act at different time of day

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11
Q

behavorial isolation

A

different courtship rituals

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12
Q

mechanical isolation

A

physical differences

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13
Q

gametic isolation

A

sperm and ova is incompatible

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14
Q

forms of geographic isolation

A

forming of mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts, plate tectonics

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15
Q

asthenosphere

A

layer of magma under the lithosphere

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16
Q

plate tectonics

A

movement of 8 major plates of the earths litoshphere in realation to each other

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17
Q

collusion

A

two continental or oceanic plates colide and cause mountains or vulcano’s

18
Q

constructive

A

two plates move away from each other creating new land.

19
Q

destructive

A

oceanic plate slides under continental plate causing mountains, new land or vulcano (subduction zone)

20
Q

inertia

A

resistance to being altered

21
Q

resilience

A

ability of a system to recover after disturbance

22
Q

mass extinction

A

caused by a global catastrophic event. event in which 75 percent of earth species disspaear within between a few hundreds thousand, to a million years

23
Q

background extinction

A

local, caused by e.g. droughts, floods, habitat loss, disease.

24
Q

diversity loss due to humans

25
factors that make species prone to extinction
#NAME?
26
red list
iucn established to highlight endangered species and to promote conservation of these species
27
factors determine list grapp qd
#NAME?
28
Second Law of Thermodynamics
The second law of thermodynamics states that energy moves from from more organized to less organized forms and becomes less useful.
29
Secondary Productivity
The biomass gained by heterotrophic organisms, through feeding and absorption, measured in units of mass or energy per unit area per unit time.
30
Secondary Succession
Succession in an environment with some vegetation and soil
31
Simpson's Diversity Index
A measure of biodiversity that accounts for the number of species and the abundance of each species
32
Species
The largest possible group of organisms capable of interbreeding
33
Species Diversity
The number of different species present in an ecosystem
34
Static Equilibrium
A state of balance because of no change.
35
Steady State Equilibrium
A state of balance with constantly fluctuating change (i.e. population of rabbits)
36
Storage
Energy is kept in one place in an ecosystem; indicated with boxes
37
Succession
The observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time
38
Top Carnivores
The animal at the highest possible trophic level
39
Transfer
A transfer of energy from one organism to the other.
40
Transformation
A change in the form of energy (i.e. from light to chemical, chemical to heat)
41
Trophic Level
Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer, etc.