Topic 4

Question 1

biodiversity

Answer 1

the amount of living or biological diversity per unit area.

Question 2

species diversity

Answer 2

variety of species per unit area, number of species present and their relative abundance

Question 3

habitat diversity

Answer 3

the range of different habitats or number of niches per unit area in ecosystem or biome. conservation of hd leads to conservation of sd and gd

Question 4

genetic diversity

Answer 4

the range of genetic material in a gene pool or population of a species.

Question 5

speciation

Answer 5

the process through wichih new species form

Question 6

isolation

Answer 6

the process by which two populations become separated by geographical, behavioural genetic or reproductive factors. if gene flow between the two is prevented new species may evolve

Question 7

evolution

Answer 7

the cumulative, gradual change in the genetic characteristics of successive generations of a species , giving rise to species or races different from common ancestor. evolution reflects changes in the genetic composition of a population over time.

Question 8

diversity

Answer 8

refers to heterogeneity or variability of a species, community or ecosystem.

Question 9

environmental isolation

Answer 9

geographic ranges overlap but niches are different

Question 10

temporal isolation

Answer 10

animals act at different time of day

Question 11

behavorial isolation

Answer 11

different courtship rituals

Question 12

mechanical isolation

Answer 12

physical differences

Question 13

gametic isolation

Answer 13

sperm and ova is incompatible

Question 14

forms of geographic isolation

Answer 14

forming of mountains, rivers, lakes, deserts, plate tectonics

Question 15

asthenosphere

Answer 15

layer of magma under the lithosphere

Question 16

plate tectonics

Answer 16

movement of 8 major plates of the earths litoshphere in realation to each other

Question 17

collusion

Answer 17

two continental or oceanic plates colide and cause mountains or vulcano’s

Question 18

constructive

Answer 18

two plates move away from each other creating new land.

Question 19

destructive

Answer 19

oceanic plate slides under continental plate causing mountains, new land or vulcano (subduction zone)

Question 20

inertia

Answer 20

resistance to being altered

Question 21

resilience

Answer 21

ability of a system to recover after disturbance

Question 22

mass extinction

Answer 22

caused by a global catastrophic event. event in which 75 percent of earth species disspaear within between a few hundreds thousand, to a million years

Question 23

background extinction

Answer 23

local, caused by e.g. droughts, floods, habitat loss, disease.

Question 24

diversity loss due to humans

Answer 24

NAME?

Question 25

factors that make species prone to extinction

Answer 25

NAME?

Question 26

red list

Answer 26

iucn established to highlight endangered species and to promote conservation of these species

Question 27

factors determine list grapp qd

Answer 27

NAME?

Question 28

Second Law of Thermodynamics

Answer 28

The second law of thermodynamics states that energy moves from from more organized to less organized forms and becomes less useful.

Question 29

Secondary Productivity

Answer 29

The biomass gained by heterotrophic organisms, through feeding and absorption, measured in units of mass or energy per unit area per unit time.

Question 30

Secondary Succession

Answer 30

Succession in an environment with some vegetation and soil

Question 31

Simpson’s Diversity Index

Answer 31

A measure of biodiversity that accounts for the number of species and the abundance of each species

Question 32

Species

Answer 32

The largest possible group of organisms capable of interbreeding

Question 33

Species Diversity

Answer 33

The number of different species present in an ecosystem

Question 34

Static Equilibrium

Answer 34

A state of balance because of no change.

Question 35

Steady State Equilibrium

Answer 35

A state of balance with constantly fluctuating change (i.e. population of rabbits)

Question 36

Storage

Answer 36

Energy is kept in one place in an ecosystem; indicated with boxes

Question 37

Succession

Answer 37

The observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time

Question 38

Top Carnivores

Answer 38

The animal at the highest possible trophic level

Question 39

Transfer

Answer 39

A transfer of energy from one organism to the other.

Question 40

Transformation

Answer 40

A change in the form of energy (i.e. from light to chemical, chemical to heat)

Question 41

Trophic Level

Answer 41

Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer, etc.