Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

IB ESS > Topic 3 > Flashcards

Topic 3 Flashcards

1
Q

LEDC

A

less economically developed country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MEDC

A

More economically developed country

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Life expectancy

A

the average number of years that a person can be expected to live, given that demographic factors remain unchanged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

A

the number of live births yearly per thousand people in a population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Standardized birth rate

A

a birth rate for a region on the basis that its age composition is the same as for the whole country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Total Fertility Rate (TFR)

A

The average number of children born to a woman during her childbearing years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

General Fertility Rate (GFR)

A

The number of births per 1,000 women aged 15-49 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Age-specific birth rate (ASBR)

A

The number of births per 1,000 women of any specified age group.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Doubling time

A

the time required for a population to double in size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Crude Death Rate (CDR)

A

The number of deaths yearly per thousand people in a population.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Standardized Mortality Rate (SMR)

A

a death rate for a region on the basis that its age composition is the same as for the whole country.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)

A

The total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year old for every 1,000 live births in a society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Age-specific Mortality Rate (ASMR)

A

total # of deaths in an age group / total # of people in mid-population of that age group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Neonatal deaths

A

Deaths that occur between birth and 7 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Perinatal deaths

A

Deaths that occur after the first week of life but before the end of the first four weeks of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Post-neonatal deaths

A

Deaths that occur between 7 and 365 days of life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

DTM

A

Demographic Transition Model - explains birth and death rate patterns across the world and through time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Anthropocentric

A

Human-centered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Natural Capital

A

the natural resources and natural services that keep us and other species alive and support out economies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Renewable Resource

A

a natural resource that the environment continues to supply or replace as it is used

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Replenishable Resource

A

Non-living resources which are continuously restored by their natural processes as fast as they are used up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Natural Income

A

The income provided from the use (yield or harvest or services) of natural capital (resources). The income may consist of marketable commodities such as timber and grain (GOODS) OR May be in the form of ecological services such as the flood and erosion protection provided by forests (SERVICES).

23
Q

Goods

A

Marketable commodities such as grain or timber

24
Q

Ecological Services

A

Examples: flodd and erosion protection, climate stabilization, and maintenance of soil fertility

25
Q

Non-renewable Resource

A

Resources that cannot be replenished within a timescale of the same order that at which they are taken from the environment

26
Q

Economic Values

A

determined from the market price of goods and services

27
Q

Ecological Values

A

have no formal market price, but are essential for human existence and have no direct monetary value

28
Q

Aesthetic Values

A

human appreiciation of natural beauty but it has no market price

29
Q

Intrinsic Value

A

Value of an organism, species, ecosystem, or the earth’s biodiversity based on its existence, regardless of whether it has any usefulness to us or economic value

30
Q

Direct Use

A

Ecosystem goods and service that are directly used by human populations visiting or residing in the ecosystem

31
Q

Consumptive Use

A

The use of a resource that reduces the supply (removing water from a source like a river, lake or aquifer without returning an equal amount). Examples include the intake of water by plants, humans, and other animals and the incorporation of water into the products of industrial or food processing.

32
Q

Non-consunmptive use

A

the use of a resource that does not require harvesting of products

33
Q

Indirect Use

A

Resources that are derived from ecosystem services that provide benefits outside the ecosystem itself

34
Q

Optional Values

A

Values derived from potential future use of ecosystem goods and services which are not currently used

35
Q

Non-use values

A

split up into intrinsic and aesthetic values

36
Q

Existence values

A

Value people derive just from knowing that a resource or species exists

37
Q

Recreational value

A

Maintain natural areas so people can experience the natural world

38
Q

Sustainability

A

the use of global resources at a rate that allows natural regeneration and minimizes damage to the environment

39
Q

Sustainable Development

A

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

40
Q

Agenda 21

A

A statement adopted at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 stressing the need for the world to develop a sustainable world economy.

41
Q

Second Law of Thermodynamics

A

The second law of thermodynamics states that energy moves from from more organized to less organized forms and becomes less useful.

42
Q

Secondary Productivity

A

The biomass gained by heterotrophic organisms, through feeding and absorption, measured in units of mass or energy per unit area per unit time.

43
Q

Secondary Succession

A

Succession in an environment with some vegetation and soil

44
Q

Simpson’s Diversity Index

A

A measure of biodiversity that accounts for the number of species and the abundance of each species

45
Q

Species

A

The largest possible group of organisms capable of interbreeding

46
Q

Species Diversity

A

The number of different species present in an ecosystem

47
Q

Static Equilibrium

A

A state of balance because of no change.

48
Q

Steady State Equilibrium

A

A state of balance with constantly fluctuating change (i.e. population of rabbits)

49
Q

Storage

A

Energy is kept in one place in an ecosystem; indicated with boxes

50
Q

Succession

A

The observed process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time

51
Q

Top Carnivores

A

The animal at the highest possible trophic level

52
Q

Transfer

A

A transfer of energy from one organism to the other.

53
Q

Transformation

A

A change in the form of energy (i.e. from light to chemical, chemical to heat)

54
Q

Trophic Level

A

Producer, Primary Consumer, Secondary Consumer, Tertiary Consumer, etc.

IB ESS (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions