Topic 4 Flashcards
Name 4 types of protein.
Enzymes,Structural, Hormones, Antibodies, Hemoglobin
What is an organisms phenotype determined by?
by the proteins produced as a result of gens being expressed (switched on)
What is a single gene mutation?
they happen when the order of the bases in the DNA that a gene is made of is altered
What are the 3 types of single gene mutations?
Substitution, Insertion & Deletion
What will insertion and deletion mutations result in?
frameshift mutations
What are frameshift mutations?
when a base is inserted or deleted, every codon after where the mutation has occurred will be altered during transcription.
What is a missense mutation?
where one amino acid codon is replaced with another different codon, only one amino acid will be changed.
What is a nonsense mutation?
where one amino acid codon is replaced with a premature stop codon and the polypeptide chain will be shorter than it should be.
What is a slice-site mutation?
where introns are not removed for the primary RNA transcript, it results in the production of a protein that does not function properly.
What are the 3 types of chromosome mutations?
Deletion, Duplication & Translocation
What is a chromosomal deletion mutation?
the loss of a segment of a chromosome
What is a chromosomal duplication mutation?
the repetition of a segment of a chromosome
What is a chromosomal trans-location mutation?
when a section of one chromosome breaks off and becomes attached to another chromosome that is not its homologous partner
