Topic 4 Flashcards
What was Henry VIII’s attitude towards religion?
He was all about power and control
When he became the head of the Church of England, he turned Protestant
It was treason to challenge his religion
He turns back to Catholicism as he aged
The dissolution of the monasteries led to poverty
What was Edward VI’s attitude towards religion?
He was a stricter Protestant
Only son and heir
He faced religious rebellions due to his age
What was Mary I’s attitude towards religion?
Devout Catholic
Married Philip of Spain
She burnt over 196 people at stake
What was the religious situation like at 1559?
England was polarised- either Catholic or Protestant
Catholics weren’t ready to accept Protestantism- and vice versa
Puritans thought Catholics went against God’s teachings
Elizabeth couldn’t treat Protestant’s and Catholics the same because she was Protestant
What was the Religious Settlement also known as?
The Middle Way- via media
What was the religious settlement?
It was a Protestant settlement made of 2 Acts of Parliament- the Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity
The Act of Uniformity- when was it and what did it do?
It was passed in 1559
Monasteries founded by Mary I were closed down
Bible and Church services were all in English
Clergy members could marry
What was Henry VIII’s attitude towards religion?
He created the Church of England- which was Protestant
Made it treason to challenge his religion
Turns back to Catholicism as he aged
Caused the dissolution of monasteries, which led to poverty
What was Edward VI’s attitude towards religion?
A stricter Protestant
The only son and heir
Faced religious rebellions due to his age
What was Mary I’s attitude towards religion?
She was a strict Catholic
Married Philip of Spain
She burnt over 196 people at stake
What was the religious situation in 1559?
England was polarised- you were either Protestant or Catholic
The Catholics weren’t ready to accept Protestantism (and vice versa)
Puritans thought Catholics went against God’s teachings
Elizabeth knew she couldn’t treat Protestants and Catholics the same because she was Protestant
What did Elizabeth do to create the Religious Settlement?
She created a Protestant Church so the Puritans and Protestants were happy. She also treated Catholics well so they didn’t go against her, and allowed them to pray personally at home
What was the Religious Settlement?
It was made out of 2 Acts of Parliament
It was a Protestant Settlement
What were the two Acts of Parliament that made up the Religious Settlement?
The Act of Supremacy and the Act of Uniformity
The Act of Supremacy- when was it, and what did it do?
It was passed in 1559
It meant that Elizabeth was the Head of the CofE instead of the Pope
Judges, lawyers, JP’s, MPs and the clergy had to swear an oath of loyalty accepting Elizabeth’s title
Bishops would be used to govern the new Church
It stated that Elizabeth was the supreme governor
Marian Heresy Laws were repealed
The Act of Uniformity- when was it, and what did it do?
It was passed in 1559
Monasteries founded by Mary I would be closed down
Bible and Church services were in English
Clergy could marry
The 1552 Protestant Book of Common Prayer was introduced and used in all Churches
What was the Protestant reaction to the Religious Settlement?
The new Archbishop of Canterbury, Matthew Parker, was a moderate Protestant and commanded respect
They accepted it pretty well
Opposition did emerge later in Elizabeth’s reign
What was the foreign reaction (from France and Spain) to the religious settlement?
King Philip wanted to be friends with England, so he hoped that she’d be like her father- that she’d turn more Catholic as she grew older
France was drifting towards civil war so ignored it
The Pope voiced little criticism and hoped Elizabeth would turn more Catholic
Opposition did grow later during her reign
What was the Catholic reaction to the religious settlement?
Pope voiced little criticism and hoped Elizabeth would become more Catholic as she aged
Opposition did begin to emerge her reign continued
Some Catholics opposed the settlement after Elizabeth abolished the Council of Trent (meetings called by leading Catholic clergy to devise harsh policies against Protestants)
Majority of devout Catholic bishops from Mary I’s reign were replaced by loyal Protestants
Fines were recusancy weren’t strictly reinforced
Most of the clergy took the oath of loyalty
What were the stats of the amount of priests that refused to take the oath of loyalty?
240 of the 9000 priests (less than 3%) refused to accept and they lost their jobs
Why was the religious settlement needed?
Previous monarchs had faced religious instability, which led to rebellions
Elizabeth’s family had caused a religious divide
Elizabeth wanted stability
Protestants wanted revenge from Mary I, but Elizabeth wanted stability
What were Catholic views in their Churches?
Their leader was the Pope, and the archbishops and bishops that help govern
A highly decorated Church
The Bible and sermon was in Latin, which was only to be read by the priests
What were the Protestant views on their Church?
The monarch was the head of the Church
The Archbishops and bishops helped govern
Spending money on decorations in Churches went against the teachings of Jesus
The Bible and sermon language was in English, so that everyone could read
What were Royal Injunctions?
It was the statement that every church had an English Bible
It taught the Royal Supremacy
What are some notes to know about the Religious Settlement?
It was NOT a compromise
It was a settlement that favoured the Protestant faith, and was made up of 2 Acts of Parliament
What did the Royal Injunctions order the clergy to do?
Observe and teach the Royal Supremacy and to denounce the superstition and papal authority
Condemn Catholic practices such as processions, pilgrimages and monuments, and to ban ‘fake’ miracles
Identify recusants and report them to the local JP or the Privy Council
Preach only with the permission of the Bishop and to have a license to preach
Uniformity of practice during services
Priests could marry
Clergy had to wear a clerical dress
What were Visitations, on part of the enforcement of the Religious Settlement?
125 Commissioners were appointed
They would travel around the country and judge whether the regulations were being followed correctly
Make the clergy swear an Oath of Supremacy
1559-1564= 400 CLERGY WERE SACKED OR RESIGNED- over half because they were Catholic
