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Chemistry > Topic 4 > Flashcards

Topic 4 Flashcards

salt prep and solubility, acids bases and indicators, extracting metals, reactivity series, gas and ion testing

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1
Q

What are the 5 general salt types (not products)

A
  1. acid + metal carbonate
  2. acid + metal hydrogen carbonate
  3. acid + metal hydroxide
  4. acid + metal oxide
  5. acid + metal
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2
Q

Acid + metal carbonate ->

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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3
Q

Acid + metal hydrogen carbonate ->

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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4
Q

acid + metal hydroxide ->

A

salt + water

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5
Q

acid + metal oxide ->

A

salt + water

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6
Q

acid + metal ->

A

salt + hydrogen

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7
Q

soluble acid + soluble base ->

A

soluble salt + water

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8
Q

salt prep : soluble acid + soluble base

A
  • neuturalisation by titration
  • evaporation
  • drying
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9
Q

soluble acid + insoluble base ->

A

soluble salt + water

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10
Q

salt prep 2 : soluble acid + insoluble base

A
  • neuturalisation
  • filtration
  • evaporation
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11
Q

soluble salt + soluble salt ->

A

insoluble salt + soluble salt

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12
Q

salt prep 3 : soluble salt + soluble salt

A
  • precipitation
  • filtration
  • washing then drying
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13
Q

solubility rules (5)

A

No3- : all nitrates soluble
Cl- : all chlorides soluble except agcl, pbcl2
so4 2- : all sulfates soluble except caso4 pbso4 baso4
OH: all hydroxides insoluble except g1 and g2 slightly soluble
CO3 2- : all carbonates insoluble except g1 and (NH4)2CO3

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14
Q

what is water of crystallisation

A

crystalline salt which is hydrates or chemically combined with water

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15
Q

what does anhydrous mean

A

complete dryness

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16
Q

acidc and amphoteric oxide test

A

reacts with metal carbonates (base) to form co2 gas

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17
Q

acidic oxide test

A

dissolves in water and lowers ph (test with universal indicator)

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18
Q

basic + amphoteric oxide test

A

rects with acides and is neuturalised

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19
Q

ph of non metal oxides and examples

A

most acidic
so2 so3 co2

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20
Q

ph of metal oxides and examples

A

most are basic eg caO and na2o

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21
Q

what is a amphiprotic oxide and example

A

can donate and accept protons
eg water
H20 turns into h30 + or OH-

22
Q

what is an amphoteric oxide and example

A

reacts like and acid and base eg aluminium hydroxide

23
Q

How is quick lime formed (cao) and equation

A

by the decomposition of CaCO3
- caco3 (s) -> CaO (s) + CO2 (g)

24
Q

how is slaked lime formed and equation

A

by the addition of water to quick lime
CaO (s) + H2O (l) -> Ca(OH)2 (s)

25
Q

how is limewater formed

A

more water added to slaked lime

26
Q

how is lime stone formed and equation

A

by bubbling CO2

27
Q

examples of metals that react vigorously with water

A

potassium, sodium, calcium

28
Q

products when metals react with water

A

metal hydroxide and H2 gas

29
Q

calcium reaction with water. UI result

A

bubbles of gas are given off after a few secounds. when tested with universal indicator water is now alkali

30
Q

sodium reaction with water.

A

melts and skims over the surface, producing a stream of small bubbles. sometimes a yellow-orange flame appears

31
Q

potassium reaction with water

A

immediatly produces a lilac flame as it skims around the surface making a fizzing noise

32
Q

magnseium reaction with steam

A

reacts vigorously

33
Q

reactivity series

A
  1. potassium
  2. sodium
  3. calcium
  4. magnesium
  5. aluminium
  6. zinc
  7. iron
  8. lead
  9. copper
  10. silver
  11. gold
34
Q

what happens in dispacement reactions

A

the meta in a compound is replaced by the more reactive metal to form a new compound

35
Q

extraction methods

A
  • found pure
  • by reduction using carbon, coke or charcoal
  • electrolysis
36
Q

metals found pure

A

silver and gold

37
Q

metals extracted by reduction

A

copper lead iron zinc

38
Q

metals extracted by electrolysis

A

alumninium magnesium calsium sodium potassium

39
Q

most common aluminium ore

A

bauxite

40
Q

how is alunminium etracted

A

electrolysis of molten bauxite, cryolite is mixed in to help it melt easier

41
Q

overall aluminium extraction reaction

A

2Al2O3 (l) -> 4Al (l) + 3O2 (g)

42
Q

what is insterted into the molten mnixture during aluminiujm extraction

A

graphite electrodes

43
Q

what happens at the negative cathode

A

positive al ions drift to the cathode, they gain electrons and become aluminium atoms

44
Q

what happens at the positive cathode

A

negative oxide ions drift to the positive anode they lose electrons and become oxygen molecules

45
Q

where is iron extracted

A

in a blast furnace

46
Q

what is the iron ore

A

haematite

47
Q

main iron extraction equation

A

Fe2o3 (s) + 3CO (g) -> 2Fe (l) + 3CO2 (g)

48
Q

first step in iron extraction

A

coke reacts with oxygen in the hot air to make carbon dioxide

49
Q

when Co2 reacts with more hot coke what does it form

A

carbon monoxide

50
Q

what is reducing the iron oxide

A

carbon monoxide

51
Q

how is impurities removed in the extraction of iron

A

limestone thermally decomposes and the product further reacts with the impurites to form slag CaSiO3

Chemistry (6 decks)

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