Topic 1

Question 1

Who created the periodic table?

Answer 1

Mandeleev (Dmitri)

Question 2

How is the periodic table arranged?

columns, rows, types

Answer 2

vertical columns : called groups - linked to the number of electrons in the outer shell
Horizontal rows : called periods - linked to the number of electron shells.
Metals and non metals seperated, Metalloids, Nobel gases.

Question 3

What makes an atom stable? Are they reactive, why?

Answer 3

must have a full outer shell.
Unreactive (will not gain or lose any electrons, which needs to happen for an element to react)

Question 4

What happens when an atom gains or loses an electron?

Answer 4

Turn into ions.

Question 5

Add or subtract an electron =

Answer 5

ion

Question 6

add or subtract a proton =

Answer 6

new element

Question 7

add another atom =

2 answers

Answer 7

Molecule or Compound.

Question 8

add or subtract a neutron =

Answer 8

Isotope

Question 9

About an Isotope

change to particles, reactions, weight

Answer 9

• same number of protons, different neutrons
• same atomic number, different mass number
• react in the same way (electrons cause reactions)
• Heavier

Question 10

How to name an ion

Answer 10

Positive (lose e-) : same name + ‘ion’ afterwards
Negatice (gain e-) : same name add ‘ide’ suffix.

Question 11

What is an element?

Answer 11

Pure substances made up of any one type of atom.

Question 12

What is a compound?

Answer 12

pure substances which are formed when 2 or more elements chemically combine.

Question 13

What is a mixture?

Answer 13

Not pure substances. Contain more than one substance (either element or compound) that are not bonded together.

Question 14

What is an alloy? Purpose

Answer 14

A mixture of metals. The atoms are not chemically bonded.
Have different properties, can be harder stronger etc.

Question 15

Group 1 & 2 trends

Answer 15

• going down reactivity increases
• going down melting points and boiling points decrease

Question 16

Group 7 trends

Answer 16

• going down reactivity decreases
• sunstance state changes from Gas to solid

Question 17

What is Chromatography used for?

Answer 17

technique used to seperate mixtures of a soluble solid so they can be identified

Question 18

What does Rf value mean and tell us?

Answer 18

retention factor - used to identify components.
Larger Rf value means more soluble in solvent
Smaller Rf value means less soluble

Question 19

How to calculate Rf value

Answer 19

distance travelled by component from baseline / distance travelled by the solvent.

Question 20

How do you make a colorless substance visible?

Answer 20

made visible by using a locating agent
e.g. ninhydrin

Question 21

Traits of solid particles

packed, move, attraction, arrangement, compressed, diffused, kinetic ene

Answer 21

1. Packed closely together
2. cant move freely but vibrate
3. Strong forces of attraction holding them together
4. regular arrangement
5. cant be compressed
6. cant diffuse
7. lowest kinetic energy

Question 22

Traints of Liquid particles

packed, move, attraction, arrangement, compressed, diffuse.

Answer 22

1. still touching
2. can move freely/ slide past eachother
3. less strong forces of attraction
4. disorderd irregualr arrangement, can take the shape of any container its in
5. cant be compressed
6. diffuse slowly

Question 23

Traits of Gas particles

packed, move, attraction, arrangement, compressed, diffused, kinetic ene

Answer 23

1. spread out and move freely
2. no forces of attraction holding them together
3. irregualr arrangement, no fixed shape. will completely fill a container
4. can be compressed
5. diffuse rapidly
6. highest kinetic energy

Question 24

How does state change?

Answer 24

using energy. More thermal energy particles have the more kinetic energy they have. Increased energy causes forces of attraction (bonds to break) allowing state change to occur.

Question 25

What makes a substance pure?

compisition, properties

Answer 25

1. definite composition - is a sample is taken from any part of the substancr the properties will remain the same
2. defined properties. boling, melting point always the same.

Question 26

Soluble meaning

Answer 26

solid able to dissolve in a liquid

Question 27

Solute meaning

Answer 27

Solid that can dissolve in a liquid

Question 28

Solvent meaning

Answer 28

liquid that can dissolve the solid

Question 29

Solution meaning

Answer 29

mixture of a soluble solid and liquid

Question 30

Insoluble meaning

Answer 30

solid is unable to dissolve in a liquid

Question 31

How to seperate an insoluble solid and liquid

Answer 31

Filtration
e.g. sand and water

Question 32

How to seperate a soluble solid and liquid

Answer 32

Evaporation, Crystallisation, Distillation

Question 33

How to seperate immiscible liquids

Answer 33

seperating funnel

Question 34

How to seperate miscible liquids

Answer 34

fractional distillation

Question 35

Flat sections in heatung and cooling curves mean?

Answer 35

temperature reamins constant untill all particles have changed state

Question 36

what is diffusion?

Answer 36

net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to a low concentration.

Question 37

Do liquids or gases diffuse slower? why?

Answer 37

Liquids diffuse slower than gases vecause they have less kinetic energy.

Question 38

Does weight affect diffusion?

Answer 38

yes, lighter particles diffuse faster than heavier particles

Question 39

Does temperature affect diffusion?

Answer 39

Yes, higher tenperature creates more kinetic energy and a faster rate of diffusion.