Topic 4 Flashcards

1
Q

4.1

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Label a diagram of a motor unit

A

Dentrites, cell body, nucleus, axon, motor end plate, synapse, muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Explain the role of neurotransmitters in stimulating skeletal muscle contraction

A

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used for communication between the neuron at the synapse and another cell. This process allows muscles to recieve nerve stimuli an react by moving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Explain the fliding filament theory

A

Hundreds of myofibrils make up a muscle fiber. Each one made up of wo protein filaments: actin and myosin. For the sliding filament motion to begin, an electrical signal in a motor neuron (action potential) causes the release of calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The calcium ions then bind to the troponin, causing the troponin and tropomyosin to move and uncover the actin binding sites for the myosin to attach to. The myosin head then attaches to the actinmyofilament forming a crossbridge. With the release of a phosphate, the powerstroke can occur, which slies the actin towars the M-line. The Z-lines are brought together, which shrinks the H-zone. THe ADP molecule is then released. As new ATP moleculesattach to the myosin head and link between the actin and myosin weakens an the cross brige etaches. As the ATP is split into ADP and P, the myosin head is energised and attaches to the actin, forming a crossbrige as the cycle repeats.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Explain how slow and fast twitch fibres differ in structure and function

A

Type 1 fibres - Slow twitch, low force and low speed, small and red

Type 2a fibres - Moderately fast, medium force and medium speed, moderate sized and red

Type 2b fibres - Fast twitch, high force and fest speed, large and white in colour, a ndd b both high in glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

4.2

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of movement at synovial joints

A
Flexion/Extension
Abduction/Adduction
Pronation/Supination
Elevation/Depression
Rotation/Circumduction
Dorsi flexion/Plantar flexion
Eversion/Inversion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of muscle contraction

A
Isometric
Isokinetic
Isotonic
   - Concentric
   - Eccentric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the concept of reciprocal inhibition

A

Reciprocal inhibition states that muscles work in pairs during movement, one being the agonist and one being the antagonist.

  • The agonist is the muscle that is contracting
  • The antagonist is the muscle that is extending
  • E.g. Bicep annd Tricep, Quadriceps and Hamstrings
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Analyse movements in relation to joint action and muscle contraction.

A

During the upwards motion of a bicep curl, the joint action of the elbow is contraction and the muscle conntraction is the bicep.

During the downwards motion of a bicep curl, the joint action of the elbow is extension and the muscle contraction is the tricep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Explain DOMS in relation to eccentric and concentric muscle contractions.

A
  • Presents 12-24 hours after exercise annd can last between 12 - 72 hours
  • Occurs mainly from eccentic movements and sometimes from isometric
    movements
  • It is caused by microscopic tears in the muscle fibres which the body
    reacts to with inflamation
  • It can be eased/prevented by reducing the eccentic components of
    exercise, warming up and cooling down, massages and warm/cold baths
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

4.3

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Force - Vector

A

The mechanical interaction that goes on between two objects.

Formula: Mass X Acceleration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Speed - Scalar

A

The rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate at.

Formula: Distance / TIme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Velocity - Vector

A

The speed of something in a given direction.

Formula: Displacement change / TIme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Acceleration - Vector

A

The increase in rate of speed.

Formula: Change in velocity / Time

17
Q

Momentum - Vector

A

The quantity of motion of a moving body, measured as a product of it’s mass and velocity.

Formula: Mass X Velocity

18
Q

Impulse - Vector

A

A motivating force

Formula: Force X Time in contact

19
Q

Vectors

A

A measurement that have both size and direction

20
Q

Scalar

A

A measurement that has only size

21
Q

Displacement

A

The straight line distance between ann objects starting and ending points, whether it be horizontally, vertically or laterally.