Topic 1 Flashcards
Axial skeleton (skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae)
Cervical (7) Thoracic (12) Lumbar (5) Sacral (4) Coccyx (4)
Protection
Attachment
Movement
Support
Appendicular skeleton
Mineral
Reservior
Blood cell formation
Attachment
Movement
Support
Structure of a long bone
Epiphysis Diaphysis Spongy bone Articular cartilage Compact bone Bone marrow Blood vessel Periosteum
4 types of bone and examples
Long - femur, tibia, humerus
Short - carpals (in wrist)
Flat - sternum, ribs, scapula
Irregular - vertebrae
Anatomical terms
Anterior - front Posterior - back Proximal - closer to the attachment of the body Distal - further from the attachment of the body Medial - closer to the midline Lateral - further from the midline Superior - above Inferior - below
Functions of connective tissue
Ligament - connects bone to bone, provides stability and support
Tendon - connects bone to muscle, provides attachment and allows movement
Cartilage - between two articulating bones (joining), stops friction
Define the term ‘joint’
A joint is the place where two or more bones articulate
Different types of joints
Synovial - large ROM (shoulder, knee)
Cartilaginous - small/medium ROM (intervertebral discs)
Fibrous - little to no ROM (skull)
Features of a synovial joint
Articular cartilage Synovial membrane Synovial fluid Bursae Meniscus Ligaments Articular capsule
Different types of synovial joints
ball and socket condyloid saddle hinge pivot gliding/plane
General characteristics of muscle tissue
Contractility Extensibility Elasticity Controlled by nerve stimuli and fed by capilaries Atrophy Hypertrophy
Different types of muscle
Smooth - involuntary, non-striated (surrounds organs)
Cardiac - involuntary, striated (heart)
Skeletal - voluntary, striated (biceps, lats, quads, abs)
Structure of skeletal muscle
Epimysium, perimysium, endomysium
Insertion and origin
Insertion - Where muscle attaches to a moveable bone
Origin - Where muscle attaches to a stationary bone
