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Unit 2: Matter and Chemical Change > Topic 3: What are Elements > Flashcards

Topic 3: What are Elements Flashcards

1
Q

Alchemists

A
  • People who tried to turn lower metals (copper, lead) into precious metals (gold, silver)
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2
Q

What did ancient greek philosophers think everything was made up of?

A
  • Air, water, fire and earth
  • They referred to these things as elements
  • They believed that everything was made up of a combination of these elements
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3
Q

Antonie Lavoisier

A
  • Defined elements as pure substances that could not be broken down into simpler substances
  • Identified 23 pure substances as elements
  • Developed techniques such as measuring the substances involved in the chemical change
  • Created the Law of Conservation of Mass
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4
Q

Property

A
  • A characteristic of a substance that helps it describe it
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5
Q

Physical Change

A
  • A change in form but not in chemical composition
  • No new substances are formed
    Ex. ice melting
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6
Q

Chemical Change

A
  • A change to a substances composition
  • A new substance is formed
    Ex. dying hair, burning toast,
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7
Q

What clues show that a chemical change MAY have taken place?

A
  1. Energy is absorbed or emitted
  2. Theres a change in color or oder
  3. Bubbles or solid form appear in liquid
  4. The change is difficult to reverse
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8
Q

What clue shows that a chemical change has DEFINITELY taken place?

A
  • A new substance is formed
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9
Q

Physical Properties of Matter

A
  1. Melting Point
  2. Boiling Point
  3. Hardness
  4. Malleability
  5. Ductility
  6. Crystal Shape
  7. Solubility
  8. Density
  9. Conductivity
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10
Q

Melting Point

A
  • Temperature at which the substance changes from a solid to a liquid
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11
Q

Boiling Point

A
  • Temperature at which substances changes from liquid phase to gas phase
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12
Q

Hardness

A
  • Substances ability to resist being scratched
  • Moh’s hardness scale
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13
Q

Malleability

A
  • Ability to be pounded or rolled onto sheets
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14
Q

Ductility

A
  • Substances ability to be stretched into a long wire
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15
Q

Crystal Shape

A
  • Shape of a substances crystals
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16
Q

Solubility

A
  • Ability of a substance to be dissolved in another substance
17
Q

Density

A
  • the amount of mass in a given volume in a substance
18
Q

Conductivity

A
  • Ability of a substance to conduct electricity or heat
19
Q

Law of Conservation of Mass

A
  • In chemical change, the total mass of the new substances is always the same as the total mass of the original substances
20
Q

Law of Definite Composition

A
  • Compounds are pure substances that contain two or more elements combined together in fixed proportions
21
Q

Electrolysis

A
  • The process of using electricity to split water to get hydrogen and helium
22
Q

John Daltons Atomic Theory

A

1.All matter is made up of small particles called atoms
2. Atoms cannot be created, destroyed or divided into smaller particles
* Atoms can be divided into smaller particles
3. Atoms of the same elements are the same mass and size. Different elements will have different sized atoms
4. Compounds are created when atoms of different atoms link together in definite proportions

23
Q

Qualitative

A
  • Information or characteristic of a substance that can help describe it
  • Quality
24
Q

Quantitative

A
  • Characteristic that can be measured numerically
  • Quantity
25
Q

JJ Thomson

A
  • Discovered sub atomic particles
    (particles smaller than atoms)
  • Discovered electrons using light rays
26
Q

Ernest Ruthford

A
  • Discovered atomic nucleuses by shooting positively charged particles through thin gold foil
  • Discovered protons
27
Q

Neils Bohr

A
  • Suggested that electrons move in specific circular orbits, or electron shells
28
Q

Atomic Nucleus

A
  • Mass at the center of the atom
29
Q

Proton

A
  • Have a positive charge
  • Found inside the atomic nucleus
  • Has a very large mass
  • Symbol is P
30
Q

Neutrons

A
  • Found inside the nucleus
  • Have the same mass as protons
  • Have no net charge
  • Symbol is N(0)
31
Q

Electrons

A
  • Have a negative charge
  • Found outside the nucleus
  • Have very little mass
  • Symbol is e

Unit 2: Matter and Chemical Change (8 decks)

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