Topic 3: The Cultural Revolution and its Aftermath

Question 1

What does Mao do to show he still has the strength for another Revolution?

Answer 1

July 1966, Swims in the Yangtze River

Question 2

What does Mao criticise in as early as 1962?

Answer 2

The “Capitalist Road” pursued by Liu and Deng

Question 3

Lei Feng’s what helped shape the revolution?

Answer 3

His diary - Was turned into little Red Book

Question 4

by 1965, the PLA had become what?

Answer 4

A highly politicised organisation, wholly committed to supporting Mao

Question 5

Who was in control of the PLA?

Answer 5

The highly paranoid Lin Biao

Question 6

What are idealogues?

Answer 6

The section of the party that supports Mao and the theories of communism

Question 7

What are Pragmatists?

Answer 7

The section of the party that supports Liu and Deng and willing to pursue other “roads” to achive socailist goals

Question 8

What were Mao’s reasons for launching the Cultural Revolution?

Answer 8

1) To win back power from Liu and Deng
2) Continue Permanent Revolution
3) To remould China’s culture - attack on four olds, youth hasn’t been tainted by traditional culture yet

Question 9

Mao’s annoucement of what in August 1966 allowed for Red Guard’s to attack authority?

Answer 9

Mao annouces the campaign to “Bombard the Headquarters”

Question 10

What % of Beijing’s 7,000 important places was destroyed?

Answer 10

Around 66.6% i.e 2/3rds

Question 11

RGs had complete freedom to beat, kill, torture and humiliate.
Early RG violence was organic and random

However what caused the split in RG factions

Answer 11

Mao changes his mind on how voilent he wants revolution to be.

Targets become party officials; original RG groups are run by party official’s children - new faction forms

In Novemrber 1966, “rebel” RG groups begin to from to challenge “official” RG groups

Question 12

What Happens to Liu Shaqi?

Answer 12

He tries to send ‘work teams’ to Beijing to stop campaign

Accussed of being ‘Rightist’ and forced to self-criticise

Demoted to #8 in favour of Lin biao

1967 = House arrest and stuggle sessions/beatings

1969 = dies from no medical care

Question 13

What happens to Deng?

Answer 13

• Arrested with Lui in 1967
• Sent to rural tractor factory
• Brought back in 1973 by Zhou enlai who wanted order

Question 14

What Happens to Bo Yibo?

Answer 14

One of the main economic planners under Liu and Deng

Jailed in 1967, beaten for a decade

Question 15

What happens to Chen Boda?

Answer 15

One of Lui and Deng’s main economic planners

Sent to work in a rural factory like Deng

Question 16

What happends to Peng Dhuai?

Answer 16

Critic of Mao at Lushan Conference

One of the 1st attacked during CR

Arrested and regular beatings until death in 1974

Question 17

What happens to Lin Biao?

Answer 17

Crucial to Mao setting up CR

Possibly planning Coup

Tried to flee China in 1971 but plane shot down and dies

Question 18

By the end o the CR only ?/23 of the 1966 politburo reamain?

Answer 18

9

Question 19

By the end of the CR, how many of the 1966 Central Committee remain?

Answer 19

1/3

Question 20

Foreingers and Imperalists were attacked.

What happened to the members of the UK embassy in 1967

Answer 20

It was set on fire and Embassy staff beaten and attacked

Question 21

How many students were “sent down” during the “Up the Mountains and the Down the villages campaign?

Answer 21

5 million students were sent to learn from peasatns

Question 22

PLA reamains an important role in the CCP society

Waht percetnage of the new Revolutionary Committees were PLA officers?

Answer 22

50%, compared to 30% RG and 20% veteran Party cadres

Question 23

Zhou was never purged becasue?

Answer 23

He was very useful and backed Mao after initially wanting peace between prags and ideo

Important as foreign diplomat and crucial instriking deal with the US that got China into UN security council and saw President Nixon visit

Question 24

What did Zhou’s “four modernisations” target?

Answer 24

1) Agriuculture
2) Industry
3) Defence
4) Education

Question 25

In 1976, Zhou dies
Deng goes into hiding fearing the Go4
The April 1976 Qingming fstival gathering at Tinanmen Squae to mourn Zhou turns into what?

Answer 25

Protests agaisnt the Go4

Question 26

Wang Hongwen, one of the Go4, was Mao’s initial successor.

What Changed?

Answer 26

By 1975, Mao begun to suspect Wang’s committment to the revolution and instead thought he just wanted his own power

Question 27

Hua Guofeng moves decisevly agaisnt the Go4 and does what?

Answer 27

Bings back Deng an hands him the power until his death in 1997

Question 28

What was the January Storm (1967)?

Answer 28

• “Rebel” RGs seize control of Shanghai and 7 other provinces
• Fearing losing control, Mao shuts down genuinly revolutionary ‘People’s Commune’ in Shanghai
• Replaces with “Shangahi Rev Committee” where CCP retians control

Question 29

What follows the January Storm?

Answer 29

The Febuary Crackdown

PLA allowed to use violence agaisnt RGs

Feb Adverse Current - criticism from some politburo members about violent nature of CR

Question 30

When was the most radical phase of the CR?

Answer 30

Feb- Augst 1967:

• All power hled by CCRG
• PLA ordered not to use force agaisnt RGs
• Civil War in Wuhan
• Liu and Deng Arrested

Question 31

When does Mo forbod RGs from attacking PLA?

Answer 31

August 1967 - Mao then orders formation of united “Revolutionry Committee” in each province as a way to reign in violence and reassert central CCP control