Topic 2: Agricultural and Industrial Changes (1949-1965) Flashcards
In 1949, how much of the population lived in the countryside?
80%
What was Mao suspicious off?
Mao thought peasants were mini-capitalists as they wanted thier own land and profit
What did the 1950 Agarian Land Reform do?
Aim was to destroy landlords
- Struggle sessions held against landlords (1-2m killed)
- Over 40% of land redistributd
- Peasants worked harder on land they owned
- Landlord class was destroyed
In 1951/52 MutualA Aid Teams were set up?
What did these encourage?
How many People took part?
- Encouraged peasants to share tools, fertiliser and animals
- Around 10 households
By 1952, How many peasants were in MATs?
40%
Agricultural Producers’ Cooperatives (APCs)
- What yr were they set up in?
- How many households?
- Key features?
- In 1952/53
- 30 - 50 households
- Land pooled as well as tools but Peasants still owed thier land
During 1953-55, how many times did Mao change his mind?
4 times
Summer 1955. what was instroduced?
What was the main feautre of this?
Higher APCs
Profit incentives reduced
How many households did HAPCS contain?
200-300 households
By July 1955, 17m peasants were in HAPCS,
By Jan 1956, what does this number rise to
75m households = 63% of peasant population
By the end of 1956, what percentag of peasants still farmed privately?
only 3%
by 1956, Mao is pleased with collectivisation but agriculture figures remain poor.
Grain production rises by only ?% in 1957
1%
All reamaining prive plots are ablished by?
1958
Communes were made up of 5,500 households or 25 HAPCs
Communes were compulsory
What are other key feature of People’s Communes
-APCs rewards for work are removed and incentive to work decreases
- Men and women sleep in separate dorms
-Commune militia punsihed those who took too much food
-Women have to take on harsh physical labour - 90
% of women worked in farming in 1958/59
What delayed the implementation of the first 5YP?
The Korean War - 50% of 1951 budget on army
Positives of SIno-Soviet Treaty (1950)
- 10-11k soviet advisor in China to help;28k chinese go the other way
- Over 150 major industrial enterprises builty with USSR Aid
Negatives of Sino-Soviet Treaty (1950)
- Adivsors wages were high
- 300m dolar loan China’s gold reserves as secrutiy and interets rates were high - grain sold to pay loans leavign peasants on rations
- Soviet inlfuence has big impact - Lysenkoism
3 Success of first 5YP
1) Heavy industrial output tripled
2) Living standards of industrial workers improve
3) Annual industrial growth rate averaged 16% - Increase from 14.7% target
1 Political Reason GLF was launched
Nobody would speak out agaisnt Mao after 100F
1 economic reason GLF was launched
More food needed to drive indsutrialisation/ feed growing urban population
1 International Reason GLF was launched
Need to catch up with West and USSR
1 Ideological Reason GLF was introduced
As before, peasants were key to China’ development so Mao returned to them
Two Slogans linked to GLF
- “More, Faster, Better, Cheaper”
- “Walking on Two legs”
What was the steel target in autmun 1957?
40m tonnes per yr by the 1970s
