Topic 3 Part 2

Question 1

Hämoglobin

Answer 1

-Groups of proteins found in diffrent organism
-Quaternary structure
-Has red blood cells transport of oxygen

Question 2

Oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve

Answer 2

Oxygen is loaded in regions with high partial pressure of oxygen
-alveoli

Oxygen is unloaded in regions of low partial pressure
-respiring tissues

Question 3

Cooperative binding

Answer 3

Oxygen Binding to haemoglobin is due to haemoglobin changing shape when the first oxygen binds

Makes it easier for the rest of oxygen to bind

Question 4

Bohr effect

Answer 4

High co2 conc causes oxyhaemoglobin curve to shift to the right

Affinity for oxygen decreases because the acidic carbon dioxide changed the shape of haemoglobin slights

Lower ph more co2 present

Low partial pressure of co2 in alveoli curve shift left increased affinity of oxygen uploads more oxygen

High partial pressure of co2 at respiring tissue . Curve shifts right decreased affinity and unloads more oxygen

Question 5

Animals have diff haemoglobin which have diffrent affinities for oxygen

Answer 5

Adaption to their environment

Question 6

Human foetus

Answer 6

Hbf - hemoglobin
Hugh affinity for oxygen at same partial pressure as adult
Advantage foetus
Blood circulating through cord foetus haemoglobin load the oxygen off the mothers adult haemoglobin

Question 7

Llama

Answer 7

Found at high altitude
Low partial pressure of oxygen
Also have haemoglobin higher affinity for oxygen even at lower partial pressure
If no oxygen available haemoglobin still able to load up

Question 8

Dove

Answer 8

Need more oxygen to match fast metabolism for respiration to provide energy for contracting muscles

Curve shift to the right hemoglobin lower affinity for oxygen
Readily unload oxygen needed for respiration

Question 9

Earth worms

Answer 9

Underground
There is lower partial pressure of oxygen
Haemoglobin high affinity
Load up with oxygen available

Question 10

Double circularity system

Answer 10

Closed - blood remains within the blood vessels
Blood passes through heart twice
- delivers blood to the lungs
- delivers blood to rest of the body

Question 11

Mammals double circularity system

Answer 11

Manage pressure of blood flow
Blood flow through lungs at lower pressure
Prevents damage to capillaries in the alveoli and also reduces speed
More time for gas exchange

Oxygenated blood from lungs then goes back through the heart to the pumped at a higher pressure to the rest of the body

Question 12

Coronary arteries

Answer 12

Supply the cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood .
Branch of the aorta
Get blocked heart attack

Question 13

Cardiac muscle

Answer 13

The walls of the heart have a thick muscular layer
Myogenic - can contract and relax without nervous or hormonal stimulation
Never fatigues as long as it have a supply of oxygen

Question 14

Blood vessels

Answer 14

Arteries - carry blood away from heart into arterioles
Arterioles - smaller than arteries and connect to the capillaries
Capillaries connected the arterioles to the veins
Veins carry blood into the wart