Cell Structure

Question 1

Nucleus

Answer 1

Function- site of DNA replication and transcription
Contains genetic code for each cell

Structure
Nuclear envelope - double membrane
Nuclear pores - gaps
Nucleoplasm’s - granular jelly like material
Chromosome - protien bound linear dna
Nucleolus - smaller sphere inside which is the site of rNA production and makes ribosomes

Question 2

Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 2

Function : RER - protein synthesis
SER: synthesis and store lipids and carbs

Structure : both have folded membranes called cisternae

Rer has ribosomes on the cisternae

Question 3

Golgi apparatus and vesicles

Answer 3

Function:
Add carbs to Protein to form glycoproteins
Produce secretory enzymes
Secrete carbs
Transport modify and store lipids
Form lysosomes

Structure : folded membranes called cisternae
Secretary vesicles pinch off from the cisternae

Question 4

Lysosomes

Answer 4

Function : hydrolyse phagocyctic cells
Completely break down dead cells (autolysis)
Exocytosis- release enzymes to outisde of cell to destroy material
Digest worn out organelles

Structure : bag of digestive enzymes - can contain 50 diff enzymes

Question 5

Mitochondria

Answer 5

Function: site of aerobic respiration
Site of atp production
dna to code for enzymes needed for respiration

Structure :
Inner membrane called cristae
Fluid centre called the mitochondria matrix
Loop of mitochondria Dna

Question 6

Ribosomes

Answer 6

Function : site of protein synthesis
Structure : small made up of two sub units of protein and rRNA
80s - large ribosomes eukaryotic
70s - smaller ribosomes prokaryotic

Question 7

Vacuole

Answer 7

Function : makes cells turgid provides strength
Temporary store of sugars and amino acids
The pig makers may colour petals to attract pollinators

Structure : filled with fluid surrounded by a single membrane called tonoplast

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

Function : site of photosynthesis

Structure : surrounded by double membrane
Contains thylakoids (folded membranes embedded with pigments (
Fluid filled Stroma contains enzymes for Photosynthesis .

Question 9

Cell wall

Answer 9

Function: provides structural strength to cell
Structure : in plant and fungi cells
Plant : made up of micro fibrils of the cellulose polymer
Fungi: made of chitin a nitrogen containing polysaccharide

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

Function : controls the entrance and exits of molecules
Structure : found in all cells
Phospholipid bilayer - molecules embedded within and attached on the outside - protiens carbs and chlorestral

Question 11

DIFFRENCE between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Answer 11

No nucleus
Cells are much smaller
No membrane bound organelles
Cell wall made of murine
Flagella
A capsule around the cell