Topic 3 - Micronutrients

Question 1

Nutrients that are needed in relatively minuscule amounts. These substances enable the body to produce enzymes, hormones and other substances essential for proper growth and development.

Answer 1

Micronutrients

Question 2

T/F - As tiny as the amounts are, the consequences of micronutrients being absent can be severe.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What are the 2 subgroups that micronutrients can be divided into?

Answer 3

1) Vitamins
2) Minerals

Question 4

The minimum amount required to avoid a deficiency.

Answer 4

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Question 5

The recommended average daily intake.

Answer 5

Adequate Intake (AI)

Question 6

The amount required for optimal health.

Answer 6

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

Question 7

The maximum that should be consumed to avoid vitamin toxicity. This is mainly applicable for fat soluble vitamins and a select few water soluble vitamins).

Answer 7

Upper Limit (UL)

Question 8

Balance and _______ of vitamins and minerals is important. Too much of one can lead to deficiency of another.

Answer 8

Synergy

Question 9

Intake of certain nutrients with vitamins and minerals ________ the absorption, while antibiotics and certain drugs can _______ their absorption.

Answer 9

Enhances
Inhibit

Question 10

An organic compound required as a nutrient to maintain growth and normal metabolism.

Answer 10

Vitamin

Question 11

T/F - Vitamins provide energy and serve as the body’s building materials.

Answer 11

False - Vitamins DO NOT provide energy OR serve as the body’s building materials.

Question 12

Many vitamins are _________ - they are bound to protein enzymes and assist in biological activities.

Answer 12

Coenzymes

Question 13

T/F - Most vitamins cannot be synthesized by the body, and therefore must be ingested. However, the body is able to produce some vitamins.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Vitamins either produced by intestinal flora or assembled from raw materials.

Answer 14

Pro-Vitamins

Question 15

No single ____ contains all the required vitamins.

Answer 15

Food

Question 16

What are the 2 main groups vitamins are divided into?

Answer 16

1) Lipid Soluble
2) Water Soluble

Question 17

What are the 4 lipid soluble vitamins?

Answer 17

Vitamins A, D, E & K

Question 18

Absorbed along with other dietary lipids in the GI and packaged into chylomicrons. These vitamins cannot be absorbed in adequate quantities unless they are ingested with other lipids.

Answer 18

Lipid Soluble Vitamins

Question 19

Lipid soluble vitamins may be stored in cells, particularly ___________. This means there is usually an upper limit you can ingest for these kinds of vitamins.

Answer 19

Hepatocytes

Question 20

Because they are more likely to accumulate in the body, lipid soluble vitamins are more likely to lead to ________________ than water soluble vitamins.

Answer 20

Hypervitaminosis

Question 21

What are the 2 most common forms vitamin A can be found in?

Answer 21

1) Retinol
2) Beta-Carotene

Question 22

A form of vitamin A derived from animal food sources (e.g. liver, milk, egg yolk).

Answer 22

Retinol

Question 23

A form of vitamin A derived from plant sources (e.g. carrots, pumpkin, sweet potato, cantaloupe, spinach).

Answer 23

Beta-Carotene

Question 24

____ salts and some dietary lipids are required for adequate absorption of both types of vitamin A. Synthesis and storage occurs in the _____.

Answer 24

Bile
Liver