Topic 2 - Macronutrients Flashcards
Any substance in food that the body can use to obtain/create energy, synthesize tissues and/or regulate physiological functions.
Nutrient
What are the 2 types of nutrients?
1) Essential
2) Non-Essential
A substance that must be ingested, as the body cannot produce it (or adequate amounts of it) on its own.
Essential Nutrients
A substance that the body requires on a daily basis but does not need to be ingested since the body can produce these on its own.
Non-Essential Nutrients
A nutrient that is needed in relatively large amounts in the diet.
Macronutrient
What are the 3 main groups of macronutrients?
1) Carbohydrates
2) Fats
3) Proteins
Which 2 macronutrients have an energy yield of 4 kcal/g? Which macronutrient has an energy yield of 9 kcal/g?
Carbohydrates & Proteins
Fats
Often the major source of energy for our body. They are the most abundant molecule in nature that are synthesized by plants.
Carbohydrates (aka. Glucose)
What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?
1) Sugar
2) Starch
3) Fibre
Also known as simple carbs, since they are the most basic form of carbohydrates.
Sugars
______ can be broken down into the following subgroups:
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
Sugars
Simplest form of CHO. The 3 main dietary _______________ are glucose, fructose and galactose.
Monosaccharides
2 monosaccharides joined together. The 3 main _____________ are sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose) and maltose (glucose + glucose).
Disaccharides
Molecules formed from 3-9 monosaccharide monomers. These are considered to be a complex carbohydrate.
Oligosaccharides
Molecules formed from many monosaccharide molecules attached together in the form of long chains.
Polysaccharides
This is the storage form of glucose. In animals this is known as glycogen (stored in muscle and the liver in humans) and in plants it is known as ______ (amylopectin and amylose).
Starch (aka. Polysaccharides)
Dietary _____ is a non-digestible carbohydrate and is not considered a nutrient, but it is still essential for health. Although it is not absorbed by the human digestive tract, it works by assisting digestion and helps your body to remove toxins and wastes in its two forms.
Fibre
T/F - From an energy perspective, fibre is useful.
False - From an energy perspective, fibre is NOT useful.
