Topic 2 - Macronutrients

Question 1

Any substance in food that the body can use to obtain/create energy, synthesize tissues and/or regulate physiological functions.

Answer 1

Nutrient

Question 2

What are the 2 types of nutrients?

Answer 2

1) Essential
2) Non-Essential

Question 3

A substance that must be ingested, as the body cannot produce it (or adequate amounts of it) on its own.

Answer 3

Essential Nutrients

Question 4

A substance that the body requires on a daily basis but does not need to be ingested since the body can produce these on its own.

Answer 4

Non-Essential Nutrients

Question 5

A nutrient that is needed in relatively large amounts in the diet.

Answer 5

Macronutrient

Question 6

What are the 3 main groups of macronutrients?

Answer 6

1) Carbohydrates
2) Fats
3) Proteins

Question 7

Which 2 macronutrients have an energy yield of 4 kcal/g? Which macronutrient has an energy yield of 9 kcal/g?

Answer 7

Carbohydrates & Proteins
Fats

Question 8

Often the major source of energy for our body. They are the most abundant molecule in nature that are synthesized by plants.

Answer 8

Carbohydrates (aka. Glucose)

Question 9

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 9

1) Sugar
2) Starch
3) Fibre

Question 10

Also known as simple carbs, since they are the most basic form of carbohydrates.

Answer 10

Sugars

Question 11

______ can be broken down into the following subgroups:
- Monosaccharides
- Disaccharides
- Oligosaccharides
- Polysaccharides

Answer 11

Sugars

Question 12

Simplest form of CHO. The 3 main dietary _______________ are glucose, fructose and galactose.

Answer 12

Monosaccharides

Question 13

2 monosaccharides joined together. The 3 main _____________ are sucrose (glucose + fructose), lactose (glucose + galactose) and maltose (glucose + glucose).

Answer 13

Disaccharides

Question 14

Molecules formed from 3-9 monosaccharide monomers. These are considered to be a complex carbohydrate.

Answer 14

Oligosaccharides

Question 15

Molecules formed from many monosaccharide molecules attached together in the form of long chains.

Answer 15

Polysaccharides

Question 16

This is the storage form of glucose. In animals this is known as glycogen (stored in muscle and the liver in humans) and in plants it is known as ______ (amylopectin and amylose).

Answer 16

Starch (aka. Polysaccharides)

Question 17

Dietary _____ is a non-digestible carbohydrate and is not considered a nutrient, but it is still essential for health. Although it is not absorbed by the human digestive tract, it works by assisting digestion and helps your body to remove toxins and wastes in its two forms.

Answer 17

Fibre

Question 18

T/F - From an energy perspective, fibre is useful.

Answer 18

False - From an energy perspective, fibre is NOT useful.