Topic 3: Mendelian Genetics Flashcards

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1
Q

why did Mendel choose peas for his experiment?

A
  1. flowers have male and female structures
  2. self-fertilise
  3. can use artificial cross-fertilization
  4. short life cycles
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2
Q

what are test crosses ALWAYS crossed with?

A

homozygous recessive x F1

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3
Q

what is the genotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross? phenotypic?

A

1:2:1, 3:1

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4
Q

what is Mendel’s first law?

A

Law of Segregation, two alleles from the same gene separate from one another during the formation of gametes (meiosis I, occurs during anaphase I)

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5
Q

self-fertilization of the F2 produces a ____ phenotypic ratio

A

3:1

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6
Q

dihybrid crosses support Mendel’s second law, what is it?

A

Independent assortment (the segregation of alleles of one gene are independent of the other, occurs during metaphase)

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7
Q

dihybrid crosses: crossing the F1 heterozygotes produce a _____ phenotypic ratio in the F2

A

9:3:3:1

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8
Q

____: two independently assorting traits

A

dihybrid cross

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9
Q

____: three independently assorting traits

A

trihybrid cross

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10
Q

_____: the probability that 2 independent outcomes will BOTH occur

A

product rule (multiply them)

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11
Q

_____: the probability that either one or the other of two independent outcomes will occur

A

sum rule (two traits are mutually exclusive)

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12
Q

________: suggests that there is no statistically significant difference between the observed outcome and the expected outcome

A

H0, null hypothesis

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13
Q

________: suggests that there is a statistically significant difference between the observed outcome and the expected outcome

A

Ha, alternative hypothesis

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14
Q

step 1: define H0 and Ha
step 2: define alpha value (0.05)
step 3: calculate observed numbers, expected numbers, chi-square value, and degrees of freedom
step 4: compare those numbers to critical value
step 5: draw conclusions

these are all steps of which test?

A

chi-square analysis

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15
Q
A
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