Topic 3 Key Words

Question 1

Polygenic traits

Answer 1

Multiple co dominant loci
(When there are multiple points on a chromosome that codes for the same thing)

Question 2

Stem cells

Answer 2

Undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into specialised cells

Question 3

Zygote

Answer 3

Fertilised egg cell

Question 4

Totipotent

Answer 4

When a cell can differentiate into all types of cells

Question 5

Blastocysts

Answer 5

A hollow ball of cells containing an inner cell mass

Question 6

Pluripotent

Answer 6

Cells that can differentiate into most types of cell

Question 7

Tissue

Answer 7

A group of cells working together to perform a specific role

Question 8

Organ

Answer 8

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific role

Question 9

Organ systems

Answer 9

A group of organs working together to perform a specific role

Question 10

Multipotent

Answer 10

A type of cell that can differentiate into a limited number of cells

Question 11

Epigenome

Answer 11

A chemical marker that attaches to the DNA or histone protein which allows it to switch on or off

Question 12

Differential gene expression

Answer 12

The ability to turn on and off different cells

Question 13

Euchromatin

Answer 13

Chromatin that is loosely wound round the histone proteins

Question 14

Hetrochromatin

Answer 14

Tightly wound chromatin

Question 15

Potency

Answer 15

A measure of how many cells a specialized stem cell can make

Question 16

Self renewal

Answer 16

A property that stem cells have which lets them maintain a pool of stem cells

Question 17

Cortical reaction

Answer 17

A reaction that happens on the egg cell which stops multiple sperm making it in

Question 18

Acrosome reaction

Answer 18

An enzyme reaction which allows sperm to digest the outside of the egg cell

Question 19

Somatic cells

Answer 19

Body cells

Question 20

Reduction devision

Answer 20

Divides twice