Topic 3 - Infection and Responses Flashcards
What are Antibiotics?
Medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective
bacteria inside the body.
What is a double blind trial?
A disease that can be spread between individuals either
A study performed where neither the researcher or patient know whether the patient is taking the drug or a placebo.
What is gonorrhoea?
A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain
on urinating.
What is Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)?
An infectious virus that weakens the immune system and can lead to AIDS
What is Malaria?
A disease caused by a protist that causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal.
What are Measles?
A serious disease caused by a virus that shows symptoms of fever and
a red skin rash.
What are Monoclonal Antibodies?
Antibodies produced from a single clone of cells that are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen.
What is a Placebo?
A substance designed to be indistinguishable from a drug being tested but has no actual effect on the patient.
What is Rose Black Spot?
A fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on leaves, which often turn yellow and drop early.
What is Salmonella?
A bacterial disease that is spread by bacteria ingested in food and can cause a fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
What is Tobacco Mosaic Virus?
A widespread plant pathogen affecting many
species of plants which produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves and limits the
plant growth.
What is the definition of Vaccination?
The process of
introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce
antibodies.
Three ways in which pathogens can be spread?
- By air
- By water
- By direct contact
How is measles spread?
By air - through the inhalation of droplets from coughs and sneezes.
How does Tobacco Mosaic Virus spread?
Contact between infected and healthy plant. Insects may act as vectors which transfer the virus between different plants.
What are the symptoms of salmonella food poisoning?
- Fever
- Abdominal Cramping
- Vomiting
- Diarrhoea
How does Rose Black Spot spread?
Fungal spores are spread by the wind and in water.
How can Rose Black Sports be treated?
- Using fungicides
- Destroying infected leaves
How does antibody production protect us against disease?
White blood cells produce antibodies which are complementary to a specific antigen on a pathogen. The binding of antibodies to antigens causes pathogens to clump together, making them easier to destroy. In the case of a second infection, the correct antibodies can be produced rapidly, preventing the person getting the same disease again.
How does antitoxic production protect us against disease?
Antitoxins bind to toxins released by pathogens and neutralise them.
How do vaccines work?
Contains a dead or inactivated form of the pathogen which stimulates white blood cells to produce complementary antibodies to the pathogen. In the case of a second infection, memory cells can rapidly produce the correct antibodies and prevent illness.
Why cant antibiotics be used to treat viral diseases?
Antibiotics have no effect on viral pathogens as they live inside the host’s (human) cells. Therefore, it is difficult to design drugs that would kill the virus and not destroy human cells at the same time.
Where does Aspirin originate from.
Willow Bark
Four good qualities of a good medicine?
- Effective
- Safe
- Stable
- Able to be taken in and removed easily
