Topic 3:Infection and Response Flashcards
Antibiotics
Medicines that help to cure bacterial disease by killing infective
bacteria inside the body
Clinical drug testing
Drug testing done on healthy human volunteers and
patients.
Communicable disease
A disease that can be spread between individuals either
directly or indirectly.
Double blind trial
A study performed where neither the researcher or patient
know whether the patient is taking the drug or a placebo.
Gonorrhoea
A sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by a bacterium with symptoms of a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain
on urinating
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
An infectious virus that weakens the
immune system and can lead to AIDS (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome).
Malaria
A disease caused by a protist that causes recurrent episodes of fever and can be fatal.
Measles
A serious disease caused by a virus that shows symptoms of fever and a red skin rash
Monoclonal antibodies
Antibodies produced from a single clone of cells
that are specific to one binding site on one protein antigen.
Non-communicable disease
A disease which cannot be spread between
individuals.
Non-specific defence
General physical and chemical barriers that defend the
body against lots of different types of pathogen
Pathogens
Microorganisms that cause infectious disease.
Placebo
A substance designed to be indistinguishable from a drug being tested
but has no actual effect on the patient.
Preclinical drug testing
Drug testing done in a laboratory using cells, tissues
and live animals.
Salmonella
A bacterial disease that is spread by bacteria ingested in food and
can cause a fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Side effects
Other additional effects that the drug has that are different from the
expected effect of the drug
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV)
A widespread plant pathogen affecting many
species of plants which produces a mosaic pattern on the leaves and limits the
plant growth.
Vaccination
The process of introducing small quantities of dead or inactive forms of a pathogen into the body to stimulate the white blood cells to produce
antibodies
White blood cell
An important type of cell that makes up the immune system and
produces antibodies and antitoxins.
Viruses
They move into cells and use the biochemistry of it to make as many copies of itself. This leads to the cell bursting and releases all its copies into the bloodstream. and causes the person to feel ill.
Protists
Theyre parasitic so they use animals and humans as hosts
Fungi
They can be single celled or have a body made of hyphae
