Topic 2:Organisation

Question 1

Amylase

Answer 1

An enzyme produced in the salivary glands and pancreas that breaks
carbohydrates down into simple sugars

Question 2

Aorta

Answer 2

The main artery that takes oxygenated blood away from the heart to the
body.

Question 3

Artery

Answer 3

A blood vessel that carries blood at high pressure away from the heart.

Question 4

Benign tumour

Answer 4

An abnormal cell growth that is contained within one area and
does not invade other areas of the body

Question 5

Bile

Answer 5

A substance made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder which is used to
neutralise stomach acid in the intestine and emulsify fats.

Question 6

Blood

Answer 6

A tissue containing red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and plasma.

Question 7

Cancer

Answer 7

A non-communicable disease caused by changes in the cell that lead to
uncontrolled growth and division.

Question 8

Capillary

Answer 8

A very thin blood vessel that is used for exchange of substances.

Question 9

Cell

Answer 9

The basic building block of all living organisms.

Question 10

Communicable disease

Answer 10

A disease that can be spread between individuals either

directly or indirectly.

Question 11

Coronary heart disease

Answer 11

A disease caused by the buildup of fatty deposits

inside the coronary artery, narrowing it and reducing blood flow to the heart tissue.

Question 12

Enzymes

Answer 12

Biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions in living organisms.

Question 13

Health

Answer 13

The state of physical and mental wellbeing

Question 14

Heart

Answer 14

An organ that pumps blood around the body in a double circulatory system.

Question 15

Lipase

Answer 15

An enzyme that is produced in the pancreas that breaks lipids down into
fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 16

Lock and key hypothesis

Answer 16

A theory that describes how substrates must be the correct

shape to fit the active site of an enzyme.

Question 17

Malignant tumour

Answer 17

A cancerous cell growth that invades neighbouring tissues

and can spread to different parts of the body in the blood.

Question 18

Meristem tissue

Answer 18

Plant tissues containing undifferentiated stem cells.

Question 19

Metabolism

Answer 19

All of the chemical reactions occurring in an organism

Question 20

Non-communicable disease

Answer 20

A disease which cannot be spread between

individuals.

Question 21

Organs

Answer 21

Aggregations of tissues performing specific functions.

Question 22

Organ systems

Answer 22

Groups of organs that work together to form organisms

Question 23

Palisade mesophyll

Answer 23

A tissue found in plant leaves that is specialised to carry out
photosynthesis.

Question 24

Phloem

Answer 24

A transport tissue found in plants which is specialised to transport sugars
from source to sink

Question 25

Protease

Answer 25

An enzyme produced in the stomach and pancreas that breaks proteins down into
amino acids

Question 26

Pulmonary artery

Answer 26

The main artery that takes deoxygenated blood away from the

heart to the lungs.

Question 27

Pulmonary vein

Answer 27

The main vein that takes oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs.

Question 28

Rate of reaction

Answer 28

The speed at which reactants are converted into products

Question 29

Risk factor

Answer 29

Something that increases a person’s risk of developing a disease

Question 30

Spongy mesophyll

Answer 30

A tissue found in plant leaves that is specialised for gas

exchange.

Question 31

Statins

Answer 31

A class of drugs that are used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which 
slows down the rate of fatty material deposit.

Question 32

Stent

Answer 32

A tube that can be surgically implanted into blood vessels to keep them
open.

Question 33

Tissue

Answer 33

A group of cells with a similar structure and function.

Question 34

Translocation

Answer 34

The movement of food molecules through the phloem tissue.

Question 35

Transpiration

Answer 35

The process of water evaporating from a plant

Question 36

Vein

Answer 36

A blood vessel that carries blood at a low pressure back to the heart

Question 37

Vena cava

Answer 37

The main vein that takes deoxygenated blood back to the heart from
the body.

Question 38

Xylem

Answer 38

A transport tissue in plants which is specialised to transport water and
dissolved minerals from the roots of the plant to the leaves.