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Paper 1 Biology AQA > Topic 1: Cell Division > Flashcards

Topic 1: Cell Division Flashcards

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1
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more
concentrated solution (against a concentration gradient) with the use of energy from
respiration.

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2
Q

Adult stem cell

A

A type of stem cell that can form many types of cells

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3
Q

Agar jelly

A

A substance placed in petri dishes which is used to culture microorganisms on.

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4
Q

Cell differentiation

A

The process where a cell becomes specialised to its function.

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5
Q

Cell membrane

A

A partially permeable barrier that surrounds the cell

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6
Q

Cell wall

A

An outer layer made of cellulose that strengthens plant cells.

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7
Q

Chloroplast:

A

An organelle which is the site of photosynthesis.

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8
Q

Chromosomes

A

DNA structures that are found in the nucleus which are made up of genes.

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9
Q

Concentration gradient

A

The difference in concentration between two areas

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10
Q

Diffusion

A

The spreading out of the particles of any substance in solution, or particles of a
gas, resulting in a net movement from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration.

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11
Q

Embryonic stem cell

A

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into most types of human
cells.

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12
Q

Eukaryotic cell

A

A type of cell found in plants and animals that contains a nucleus.

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13
Q

Magnification

A

How much bigger an image appears compared to the original object

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14
Q

Meristematic cells

A

A type of stem cell that can differentiate into any type of plant cell

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15
Q

Mitochondria

A

An organelle which is the site of respiration

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16
Q

Mitosis

A

A type of cell division which produces two genetically identical daughter cells from
one parent cell.

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17
Q

Nucleus

A

An organelle found in most eukaryotic cells that contains the genetic material of the
cell and controls the activities of the cell.

18
Q

Organelle

A

A specialised structure found inside a cell

19
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a
partially permeable membrane

20
Q

Plasmid

A

Loops of DNA found in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells

21
Q

Prokaryotic cell

A

A type of cell found in bacteria that does not contain a nucleus

22
Q

Resolution

A

The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen

23
Q

Specialised cells

A

Cells that are adapted to perform a specific function.

24
Q

Stem cell

A

An undifferentiated cell that can divide to produce many specialised cells of the
same type.

25
Q

Surface area

A

The amount of contact an object has with its environment.

26
Q

Surface area to volume ratio (SA:V)

A

The size of the object compared with the amount of

area where it contacts its environment.

27
Q

The cell cycle

A

A series of stages preparing the cell for division

28
Q

Therapeutic cloning

A

Producing an embryo that has the same genes as a patient.

29
Q

Vacuole

A

An organelle that stores cell sap.

30
Q

Animal cells are Eukaryotic an they contain:

A

Cell Membrane,cytoplasm,Nucleus containing DNA

31
Q

Bacteria Cells are Procaryotic and much smaller and have a:

A

cell wall,cell membrane,cytoplasm,single circular strand of DNA and plasmids

32
Q

Cell membrane

A

they keep toxic substances out of the cell; they control what enters and leaves the cell

33
Q

Ribosomes

A

A ribosome functions as a micro-machine for making proteins

34
Q

Permanent Vacuole

A

Improves Cell rigidity

35
Q

Cell Wall

A

Provides strength to the cell

36
Q

Differences between plant and animal cells

A

Cell wall and Chloroplasts

37
Q

Function of a sperm cell

A

The purpose of a sperm cell is to be released during sexual intercourse and to eventually meet with an ovum (egg cell),

38
Q

Nerve cells

A

Transmit electrical signals quickly from one place in the body to another

39
Q

Muscle cells

A

Their predominant function is contractibility. Muscles, attached to bones or internal organs and blood vessels, are responsible for movement. Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction.

40
Q

Root Hair cells

A

Specialised to take up water by osmosis and mineral ions by active transport from the soil as they are food in the tips of roots

41
Q

Xylem cells

A

Specialized to transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots to the shoots

42
Q

phloem cells

A

specialized to carry the products of photosynthesis(food)to all parts of thr body

Paper 1 Biology AQA (4 decks)

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