Topic 3: Genetics Flashcards
What is the structure of DNA?
DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides that form a double helix.
What is the difference between dominant and recessive alleles?
Dominant alleles mask the effects of recessive alleles in a heterozygous individual. Recessive alleles are only expressed in a homozygous individual.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is an observable characteristic or trait of an organism, resulting from its genotype and environmental factors.
What is meant by the term genetic variation?
Genetic variation refers to differences in DNA sequences among individuals, which can result in different phenotypes and traits.
What is the difference between meiosis and mitosis?
Mitosis produces two identical daughter cells, while meiosis produces four genetically diverse daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes.
