Topic 3 - Ethnic Differences In Achievement Flashcards
What are the three external factors of ethnic differences?
Cultural deprivation
Material deprivation
Racism in wider society
What are the three cultural deprivation factors of ethnic differences in achievement
Intellectual and Linguistic skills
Attitudes and values
Parental support & family structure
How does the linguistic skills cause ethnic differences in achievement?
Lack of these skills is main cause of underachievement for minority children.
Many children from low income black families lack intellectual simulation and enriching experience = poorly equipped for school as they have not been able to develop reasoning and problem solving skills.
Children who don’t t speak english at home are help back educationally
What do Gillborn & Mirza say about Indian pupils achievement?
That Indian pupils do very well despite often not speaking english at home.
How do the attitudes and values of different ethnicities effect achievement?
CD theorists say black children are not socialised into being ambitious, committed, willing to make sacrifices.
In contrast, they argue that they are socialised into subculture that instals a fatalistic attitude
How does the family structure & parental support if different ethnicities effect achievement?
CD theorists argue that some children arent socialised adequately due to a dysfunctional family structure.
What do new right Charles Murray say about family structure and parental support?
High rate of lone parenthood and lack of positive role models leads to the underachievement of some minority’s
What does Pryce say about Black underachievement? (Family structure and slavery)
That the family structure contributes to the underachievement of Black Caribbeans in the UK - as its less cohesive and less resistant to racism then the asian culture.
He also says that the expense of slavery was culturally devastating. Being transported & sold into slavery meant they lost their language, religion and and entire family system
What does Sewell say about the underachievement of Black Caribbean/africans in the UK?
Thats its not the absence of father role models but lack of father nurturing; “tough love”. Without this, street gangs of other fatherless boys offer love and loyalty.
Many black boys are subject to powerful anti-educational peer pressure. Sewell says the biggest barrier to success was pressure from other boys.
What is said about the White WC underachievement?
They have low aspirations, unlikely to go uni, lack of parental support, poor levels of behaviour/discipline. Do not see education as a form of social mobility .
Evans says - WC life can be quite brutal and intimidating - often family life is disrupted and disfunctional
Why do asians achieve?
Indian pupils benefit from supportive families that have an ‘asian work ethic’ and place a high value on education.
Lupton states adult authority in asian family mirrors the school operation. Respectful behaviour is expected, having a knock on effect as parents are more likely to support the school policies. Theyre very supportive even though they dont know much about the processes and organisation of the school
Why do chinese people achieve? What is Amy Chua’s theory
Amy Chua - ‘Tiger Mothers’ (Tough Love)
suggests chinese superiority parenting and tiger mothers drive their children hard in exams to even piano lessons. Lists if things ‘my daughters were never allowed to do:’
- attending sleepovers, playfates, school plays, not getting less than an A, not being top student in lessons, not playing violin or piano, watch TV or play games, not choose their won extra curriculum activities
What are the negatives about asian “tough love”?
Strict & hard parenting may hamper students later in life - show that higher achieving chinese american teens are more anxious and less socially adjusted than white americans
How does ethnic differences material deprivation effect achievement?
Lack of physical necessities that are seen as essential for life in todays theorists. MD theorists blame housing and low income for educational failure and that ethnic minorities are more likely to experience these problems.
What does Palmer show about the material deprivation of ethnic minorities? (3 facts)
Almost half ethic minority’s live in low income households, unlike a 1/4 of white children.
Ethnic minorities households are 3x more likely to be homeless
1/2 most asians earn less than £7/hour compared to 1/4 of whites
Why are ethnic minorities maybe at greater risk of material deprivation that results from employment, low pay and overcrowding?
Many live in economically depressed areas with high employment and low pay rates
Religion may effect women working outside of the home
Lack of language skills and foreign qualifications not being recognised in the UK
Racial discriminations in the UK labour and housing market
How does racism in wider society effect achievement?
While MD and poverty impacts educational achievement of some ethnic minority children, some argue that poverty itself is a product of racism.
David Mason ‘discrimination is a continuing and persistent feature if the experience of Britains citizens of minority ethnic orgin
What are the 4 internal factors of ethnic differences in achievement?
Labelling & teacher racism
Pupil Identities
Pupil responses
Institutional racism
How has labelling effected different ethnic minorities?
Internationalists studies show that teachers often see black and asian pupils as being far from the “ideal pupils”
What labels are Black students given?
Seen as disruptive.
Gillborn and Youdell found teachers are quicker to discipline black students regardless of behaviour vior. Teachers have racialised expectations.
Black pupils seen as presenting more discipline and threatening behaviours
How do black pupils feel about teacher labelling?
That teachers under estimate their ability and believe that they are specifically picked on
Evidence suggests black boys are more likely to be permanently excludes and 1/5 get good 5 A*-C grades
Also more likely to be internally excluded, sent to PRV and placed in lower streams
How are asians effected by labelling and teacher racism in schools?
Cecile Wright studied multi ethnic primary schools and found asian pupils were victims of teacher labelling
She found that teachers assumed they had poor grasp of english
Left out of class discussions,
Use simplistic language when talking to them
Mispronounced names
Asian girls in particular were marginalised and prevented from participating.
What are Mirza’s 3 main types of teacher racism;
The colour blind (treat all equally but do not fight against racism)
The liberal chauvinists - (believe black are culturally deprived and have low expectations of them
The overt racists - believe blacks are inferior and discriminate against them
What are Sewell’s 4 responses to schooling including racism?
The rebels -
(Express opposition through peer groups, conforming to the stereotypes of anti-authorities, anti school, ‘black macho lad’)
The conformists (anxious to avoid being stereotyped)
Retreatists -
(disconnect from both school and black subcultures, and were despised by rebels)
Innovators -
(Pro education but anti school)
