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Sociology - Education > Topic 1 - External Factors > Flashcards

Topic 1 - External Factors Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the three external factors of the education system?

A

Cultural Deprivation
Material Deprivation
Cultural Capital

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2
Q

What are the three cultural deprivation topics?

A

Language
Parents Education
WC Subculture

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3
Q

What did Hubbs Tait et Al (2002) find about language?

A

That educated parents were more likely to use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understandings - this improves their cognitive performance

There also more likely to use praise, whereas WC parents are likely to use language that only requires children to reply with simple descriptive statements

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4
Q

Who came up with speech codes?

A

Basil Bernstein

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5
Q

What are the two speech codes? (Basil Bernstein)

A

The restricted code

The elaborated code

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6
Q

What is restricted code?

A

Typically used by WC. Limited Vocabulary & based off - short, often unfinished, grammatically simple sentences.

CONTEXT BOUND - speaker assumes the listener shares same set of values

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7
Q

What is the Elaborated Code?

A

Typically used by MC. Wider vocabulary and based off - Longer, grammatically more complex sentences.
Varied and communicated abstract ideas.

CONTEXT FREE - speaker doesnt assume listener shares same experience

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8
Q

What are the 4 topics under parents education?

A

Parenting Style
Parent’s education behaviour
Use of income
Class, income & parents education

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9
Q

What are the parenting style patterns?

A

MC - consistency and patterns (discipline) High expectations , support achievement, active learning and exploration

WC - Harsh and inconsistent discipline.
Encourages less independence

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10
Q

What are some MC parents educational behaviours? (Things they do with their children)

A

MC - take children to library and museums.
Buy educational toys and games.
Take time to read and teach or help with HW

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11
Q

How can the use of income effect children cultural deprivation?

A

Use income to pay for private educational or expensive preschools.
Pay for books
Can be spent on educational toys/activities
TUTORING.

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12
Q

How does the parents education effect a child?

A

Research suggests that parents education has the biggest influence on child’s achievements.

Parents attitude towards education and aspiration reflects onto the children’s attitude.

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13
Q

What is a subculture?

A

A group whose attitudes differ from those of the mainstream culture

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14
Q

What does Sugarman say about WC subcultures?

A

Says working class and middle class have different attitudes and beliefs by suggesting WC have a particular subculture that has no value on educational ideals = failing in education

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15
Q

What are Sugarman’s 4 working class subculture attitudes-

A

Present time Orientation
Fatalism
Collectivism
Immediate Gratification

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16
Q

What is present time orientation?

A

‘What happens now is more important than the future’

17
Q

What is fatalism

A

The belief that “it is what it is” / “whatever will be, will be”.

And that you cannot change your status.

18
Q

What is collectivism?

A

Value being part of a group more than individual success

19
Q

What is immediate gratification?

A

Seeking pleasure now rather than sacrificing now for later rewards

20
Q

What are the 4 areas under MATERIAL DEPRIVATION that effect children’s education?

A

Housing
Diet & Health
Financial Support
Fear of Debt

21
Q

How does housing effect a childs education

A

Overcrowding makes it difficult to study
Space for educational activities
Disturbed sleep, lack of safe space
Temporary houses = more frequently moving and disruption of school
Cold or damp houses = illness
Phycological distress, infections and accidents = absences

22
Q

How does diet and health effect children’s education

A

Howard - says children from poorer homes have lower intake of energy, vitamins and minerals

Poor nutrition effects health = absence and lack of concentration

Emotional/Behavior problems. Wilkingson - states the lower the class, the higher rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and conduct disorders.

Blanden & Machin - W/C are more likely to engage in externalising behaviour

23
Q

How does financial support effect childrens education?

A 
Bull & Tanner - say poorer families often miss out on educational experiences due to lack of money. Also they have to do without equipment such as: 
Transport
Uniforms
Text books
Computers
School equipment 
Sport Equipment

… poor children may bot have the latest trendy equipment and necessities and may result as victims of bullying and isolation for not fitting in with peers.

24
Q

How does the fear of debt effect a child’s education?

A

WC children fear the debt of university and deter from going.
Cost of tuition & living expenses may intimidate WC mindsets and experiences.

MC children are more likely to see the long term benefits of uni.
WC choose local to home unis and stay at home which also results in limited choice of unis

25
Q

What are Bourdieu’s 4 types of capitals?

A

Social
Symbolic
Economic
Cultural

26
Q

What is cultural capital?

A

The knowledge, attitudes, values, language, tastes and abilities of middle class that put them to an advantage over WC.

27
Q

What is economic capital?

A

The financial resources such as income and wealth - used to further educational success by investing in educational resources

28
Q

What is symbolic capital?

A

Refers to honour, prestige, status and reputation. Families with high symbolic capital can raise the expectations & boost the confidence of their children

29
Q

What is social capital?

A

The social networks of influence and support that people have through involvement with neighbours community life, and social and education professional groups.

Knowing the right people can support and help childrens education - advice on schools, unis, jobs etc

30
Q

How did Alice Sullivan test Bordieu’s cultural capital theory?

A

Used questionnaires & Found that those who read and watch serious TV documentries achieved higher than those who didnt.

31
Q

What did Sharon Gewirtz explain how parents use their cultural capital when selecting secondary schools?

A

MC - used economic/cultural capital to gain educational capital for their kids - and knew how to connect and involve themselves with schools

WC - restricted due to lack of cultural/economic capital - Don’t understand schools

Sociology - Education (5 decks)

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