Topic 1 - External Factors Flashcards
What are the three external factors of the education system?
Cultural Deprivation
Material Deprivation
Cultural Capital
What are the three cultural deprivation topics?
Language
Parents Education
WC Subculture
What did Hubbs Tait et Al (2002) find about language?
That educated parents were more likely to use language that challenges their children to evaluate their own understandings - this improves their cognitive performance
There also more likely to use praise, whereas WC parents are likely to use language that only requires children to reply with simple descriptive statements
Who came up with speech codes?
Basil Bernstein
What are the two speech codes? (Basil Bernstein)
The restricted code
The elaborated code
What is restricted code?
Typically used by WC. Limited Vocabulary & based off - short, often unfinished, grammatically simple sentences.
CONTEXT BOUND - speaker assumes the listener shares same set of values
What is the Elaborated Code?
Typically used by MC. Wider vocabulary and based off - Longer, grammatically more complex sentences.
Varied and communicated abstract ideas.
CONTEXT FREE - speaker doesnt assume listener shares same experience
What are the 4 topics under parents education?
Parenting Style
Parent’s education behaviour
Use of income
Class, income & parents education
What are the parenting style patterns?
MC - consistency and patterns (discipline) High expectations , support achievement, active learning and exploration
WC - Harsh and inconsistent discipline.
Encourages less independence
What are some MC parents educational behaviours? (Things they do with their children)
MC - take children to library and museums.
Buy educational toys and games.
Take time to read and teach or help with HW
How can the use of income effect children cultural deprivation?
Use income to pay for private educational or expensive preschools.
Pay for books
Can be spent on educational toys/activities
TUTORING.
How does the parents education effect a child?
Research suggests that parents education has the biggest influence on child’s achievements.
Parents attitude towards education and aspiration reflects onto the children’s attitude.
What is a subculture?
A group whose attitudes differ from those of the mainstream culture
What does Sugarman say about WC subcultures?
Says working class and middle class have different attitudes and beliefs by suggesting WC have a particular subculture that has no value on educational ideals = failing in education
What are Sugarman’s 4 working class subculture attitudes-
Present time Orientation
Fatalism
Collectivism
Immediate Gratification
What is present time orientation?
‘What happens now is more important than the future’
What is fatalism
The belief that “it is what it is” / “whatever will be, will be”.
And that you cannot change your status.
What is collectivism?
Value being part of a group more than individual success
What is immediate gratification?
Seeking pleasure now rather than sacrificing now for later rewards
What are the 4 areas under MATERIAL DEPRIVATION that effect children’s education?
Housing
Diet & Health
Financial Support
Fear of Debt
How does housing effect a childs education
Overcrowding makes it difficult to study
Space for educational activities
Disturbed sleep, lack of safe space
Temporary houses = more frequently moving and disruption of school
Cold or damp houses = illness
Phycological distress, infections and accidents = absences
How does diet and health effect children’s education
Howard - says children from poorer homes have lower intake of energy, vitamins and minerals
Poor nutrition effects health = absence and lack of concentration
Emotional/Behavior problems. Wilkingson - states the lower the class, the higher rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and conduct disorders.
Blanden & Machin - W/C are more likely to engage in externalising behaviour
How does financial support effect childrens education?
Bull & Tanner - say poorer families often miss out on educational experiences due to lack of money. Also they have to do without equipment such as: Transport Uniforms Text books Computers School equipment Sport Equipment
… poor children may bot have the latest trendy equipment and necessities and may result as victims of bullying and isolation for not fitting in with peers.
How does the fear of debt effect a child’s education?
WC children fear the debt of university and deter from going.
Cost of tuition & living expenses may intimidate WC mindsets and experiences.
MC children are more likely to see the long term benefits of uni.
WC choose local to home unis and stay at home which also results in limited choice of unis
