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Thornhill Academy Chemistry Combined (HGH) > Topic 3 - Chemical Changes (Year 10) > Flashcards

Topic 3 - Chemical Changes (Year 10) Flashcards

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1
Q

What ion is produces by all alkalis in aqueous solutions?

A

OH-

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2
Q

What ion is produces by all acidic in aqueous solutions?

A

H+

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3
Q

Whatis the pH of a neutral solution?

A

7

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4
Q

Whatis the pH of an alkaline solution?

A

Anything above 7

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5
Q

Whatis the pH of a acidic solution?

A

Anything below 7

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6
Q

True or False: Alkalis have a pH of more than 7?

A

True, remember a neutral solution has a pH of exactly 7

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7
Q

What type of reaction occure when hydrochloric acid reacts with the potassium hydroxide?

A

Neutralisation

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8
Q

Complete the equation: Acid + Alkali →

A

Salt + Water

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9
Q

Complete the equation: Hydrochloric acid + Potassium hydroxide →

A

Potassium Chloride + Water

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10
Q

Define the term: Indicator

A

a compound that changes colour at a specific pH value or in the presence of a particular substance

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11
Q

Methy orange truns red in the presence of what solution?

A

An acidic Solution

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12
Q

Phenolphthalein turns pink in the presences of what solution?

A

Alkaline solution

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13
Q

Phenolphthalein turns colourless in the presences of what solution?

A

Acidic solution

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14
Q

Complete the equation: H+ + OH- →

A

H2O

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15
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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16
Q

What is the formula for sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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17
Q

What is the formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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18
Q

Define the term: Ionisation

A

The splitting up of a compound into separate smaller ions

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19
Q

What is the equation for the dissociation of Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)?

A

HCl → H+ + Cl-

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20
Q

Define the term: Concentration

A

Relative amount of a particular substance contained within a solution or mixture or in a particular volume.

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21
Q

Define the term: Alkali

A

A solution with a pH of more than 7 and that contains an excess of hydroxide (OH–) ions.

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22
Q

Define the term: Base

A

Any substance, soluble or insoluble, that neutralises an acid, forming a salt and water only.

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23
Q

Define the term: Soluble

A

Soluble means something that will dissolve

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24
Q

Define the term: Insoluble

A

Insoluble means something that will not dissolve

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25
Q

Explain the difference between an alkali and a base

A

A base is a chemical which will react with an acid to form a salt and water only. An alkali is a water-soluble base.

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26
Q

What will be produced if sulfuric acid reacts with a metal?

A

Metal sulfate and hydrogen

27
Q

Name the products of the reaction between sulfuric acid and copper oxide

A

Copper Sulfate and water

28
Q

Explain how you could make copper sulfate (A soluble salt from an insoluble base)?

A
  1. Gently heat the acid.
  2. Add insoluble base (Copper Oxide).
  3. Filter off excess insoluble base.
  4. Eveporate off excess water to leave crystals
29
Q

Complete the equation: Acid + Metal Oxide →

A

Salt + Water

30
Q

Complete the equation: Acid + Metal →

A

Salt + Hydrogen

31
Q

Complete the equation: Acid + Metal Carbonate →

A

Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide

32
Q

How do you test for hydrogen?

A

Take a light splint and place it into a tube containing the gas, it should produce a squeaky pop (Squeaky Pop Test)

33
Q

How do you test for Carbon Dioxide?

A

Bubble the gas through lime water. The lime water will go from clear to cloudy

34
Q

True or False: Sodium Nitrate is soluble?

A

True, all nitrates are soluble

35
Q

True or False: Magnesium chloride is insoluble?

A

False: common chlorides are soluble except those of silver and lead

36
Q

True or False: Barium Carbonate is insoluble?

A

True, common carbonates and hydroxides are insoluble except those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

37
Q

True or False: Calcium Sulfate is insoluble?

A

False, common sulfates are soluble except those of lead, barium and calcium

38
Q

True or False: Potassium Chloride is soluble?

A

True, all. Common sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are soluble

39
Q

True or False: Precipitation reactions can be used to make insoluble salts by mixing an insoluble salt with a soluble salt?

A

False, Precipitation reactions occur between two soluble salts to form an insoluble salt

40
Q

How do you make an insoluble salt?

A
  1. Mix two insoluble salts together that produce a precipitate.
  2. Filter off the unwanted solution.
  3. Dry the remaining salt retained through filtration
41
Q

Why would we use a titration?

A

To react accurately, exact amounts of an acid and an alkali together.

42
Q

How do you carry out a titration?

A
  1. Add acid into a beaker and alkali into your burette.
  2. Check the pH of your acid.
  3. Add the akali dropwise, constantly checking the pH, until you get a neutral solution
43
Q

Write the equation for the dissociation of HCl

A

H+ + Cl-

44
Q

Write the equation for the dissociation of H2SO4

A

2H+ + SO42-

45
Q

Write the equation for the dissociation of HNO3

A

H+ + NO3-

46
Q

What is the formula for a nitrate ion?

A

NO3-

47
Q

What is the formula for a sulfate ion?

A

SO42-

48
Q

What is the formula for a chloride ion?

A

Cl-

49
Q

How does an indicator show the acidity or alkalinity of solutions?

A

by changing colour

50
Q

What happens in all chemical reactions?

A

new substances are formed

51
Q

Which ion is in excess in all acidic solutions?

A

hydrogen ions or H+ ions

52
Q

What is meant by a strong acid?

A

An acid that fully dissociates

53
Q

What is meant by a weak acid?

A

An acid that only partly dissociates

54
Q

What is a more accurate methof of testing pH?

A

pH probe - give an exact reading of the pH of a solutionn

55
Q

Give a disadvantage of Universal indicator

A

Due to it beinng a scale can be hard to tell the pH exactly

56
Q

What word describes a solution that contains a large amount of solute in a small volume of solvent?

A

concentrated

57
Q

What name is given to substances that react with acids to form a salt and water only?

A

bases (bases are metal oxides and hydroxides, soluble bases are alkalis)

58
Q

What colour is phenolphthalein in acidic solutions?

A

colourless – not ‘clear’

59
Q

Name a piece of apparatus used to measure volumes of liquid.

A

measuring cylinder/pipette/burette

60
Q

What is seen when magnesium is added to dilute sulfuric acid?

A

effervescence/fizzing/bubbles (yes you know this is hydrogen, but you can not see that!!)

61
Q

How do you test for oxygen?

A

Get a boiling tube of the gas, place in a glowing splint, the splinnnt will relight

62
Q

How do you test for chlorine?

A

Damp blue litmus paper bleaches/goes white

63
Q

Why do you heat the acid when making copper sulfate?

A

Speed up rate of reaction

64
Q

When making copper sulfate you add copper oxide to heated sulfuric acid. Why is copper oxide added in excess?

A

To make sure that all acid has been reacted - makes the crystallisation step safer

Thornhill Academy Chemistry Combined (HGH) (8 decks)

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