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Thornhill Academy Chemistry Combined (HGH) > Topic 2a - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (Year 10) > Flashcards

Topic 2a - Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table (Year 10) Flashcards

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1
Q

How did John Dalton describe atoms?

A

Dalton describe atoms as spheres, with different spheres making up different atoms

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2
Q

The discovery of which subatomic particle led to the plum pudding model?

A

The electron

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3
Q

True or False: The gold foil experiment suggested the nucleus was the largest part of the atom?

A

False. The gold foil experiment showed the nucleus of the atom is tiny and that most of an atom is empty space.

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4
Q

What was the plum pudding model?

A

The plum pudding model, described atoms as spheres of positive charge, which contained negatively charged electrons

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5
Q

What did Bohr suggest about the arrangement and movement of electrons in an atom?

A

Bohr suggested that electrons are contained in shells/fixed orbits, and that each shell had a fixed energy. His theory stated that electrons can only be found in these shells

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6
Q

What did the gold foil experiment suggest?

A

The gold foil experiment showed the nucleus of the atom is tiny and that most of an atom is empty space.

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7
Q

What is the relative charge of a neutron?

A
  1. Remember neutrons are neutral.
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8
Q

What is the relative charge of a proton?

A

+1

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9
Q

What is the relative charge of an electron?

A

-1

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10
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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11
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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12
Q

What is the relative mass of an electron?

A

1/1835 or 0

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13
Q

Where in the atom do you find an electron?

A

Electron shell

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14
Q

Where in the atom do you find a proton?

A

The nucleus

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15
Q

Where in the atom do you find a neutron?

A

The nucleus

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16
Q

Where is most of the mass in an atom?

A

The nucleus

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17
Q

Why do atoms have no charge?

A

They have equal number of protons and electrons

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18
Q

Define the term: isotopes

A

Isotopes are different forms of the same element. They have the same number of electrons and protons but a different number of neutrons

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19
Q

Why is the relative atomic mass of chorline not a whole number?

A

Chlorine has more than one isotope. Relative atomic mass is an average of all of an atoms isotopes

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20
Q

On an alien planet, element X exists as two isotopes: X-4 and X-6. X-4 has an abundance of 80% and X-6 has an abundance of 20%. What is the relative atomic mass of element X?

A

Relative atomic mass= (4x80)+(6x20)=440 Relative atomic mass=440/100=4.4

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21
Q

What is the name for the verticle colummn in the periodic table?

A

Group

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22
Q

What is the name for the horizontal row in the periodic table?

A

Period

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23
Q

True or False: Mendeleev considered the properties of isotopes when constructing his periodic table?

A

False. The existance of isotopes wasn’t dicovered until later

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24
Q

Where would you find non-metals on the periodic table?

A

Right hand side

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25
Q

Where would you find metals on the periodic table?

A

Left hand side

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26
Q

Describe how the modern periodic table is arranged

A

The periodic table is arrange in order of increasing atomic mass, in rows called periods and columns called groups

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27
Q

Why were there gaps in Mendeleev’s periodic table?

A

There were gaps left for elements that hadn’t been disovered yet.

28
Q

How did Mendeleev group elements?

A

Mendeleev grouped elements with similar properties.

29
Q

True or False: In an atom, the highest energy levels are filled by electrons first?

A

False. The lowest are filled first

30
Q

How many electrons are required to fill the first electron shell in an atom?

A

2

31
Q

How many electrons are required to fill the second and third electron shell in an atom?

A

8

32
Q

What do the electronic configuration of group 1 elements have in common?

A

All have 1 electron in their outer shell

33
Q

What do the electronic configuration of group 7 elements have in common?

A

All have 7 electron in their outer shell

34
Q

What do the electronic configuration of group 0 elements have in common?

A

All have a full outer shell. 1st shell would have 2 electrons in the outer shell. The rest would have 8 electrons in the outer shell

35
Q

What is the electronic configuration for chlorine. Chlorine has 17 electrons

A

2.8.7

36
Q

The atomin number for phosphorous is 15. What is it the electronic configuration for phosphorous?

A

2.8.5

37
Q

Magnesium has 12 eletrons. Does magnesium have a partially filled outer shell?

A

Magnesium does have a partially filled outer shell. The first shell would have 2 electrons, the second shell would have 8 electrons, this leaves 2 electrons for the third shell

38
Q

If an element is in group 6 how many electrons are in its outside shell?

A

6

39
Q

If an element is in group 1 how many electrons are in its outside shell?

A

1

40
Q

What does the group number tell us about the number of electrons in the outside shell of an element?

A

The group number tells us how many electrons are in the outside shell

41
Q

What is the difference between an atom and a molecule?

A

molecules contain two or more atoms chemically joined together in a group

42
Q

What tiny particles flow in an electric current?

A

electrons

43
Q

What sub-atomic particles make up an atom?

A

protons, neutrons annd electrons

44
Q

What is the nucleus of an atom?

A

tiny central part of an atom made up of protons and neutrons

45
Q

How are electrons arranged in an atom?

A

circling/orbiting the nucleus in regions called shells

46
Q

What is the fundamental difference between atoms of different elements?

A

they contain different numbers of protons

47
Q

How many protons are there in an atom with an atomic number of 26?

A

26

48
Q

How many neutrons are there in an atom with an atomic number of 26 and a mass number of 56?

A

30 (56 - 26) The number of neutrons is the mass number minus the atomic number

49
Q

How did Mendeleev’s periodic table differ from the current periodic table?

A

Mendeleev left gaps, Medneleevd didn’t have group 0 (it hadn’t been discovered), Mendeleev had fewer elements.

50
Q

What does the mass number of an atom equal?

A

the number of protons plus the number of neutrons

51
Q

How many electrons are in an atom with a mass number of 56 and an atomic number of 26?

A

26 (It will have 26 protons and therefore 26 electrons if it is neutral)

52
Q

How many protons, neutrons and electrons are in an atom that has an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27?

A

13 protons, 14 neutrons, 13 electrons

53
Q

What type of atom is used as the standard for comparing masses and working out relative atomic masses of elements?

A

carbon-12

54
Q

Name the Russian chemist who developed a periodic table in 1869.

A

Mendeleev/Dmitri Mendeleev

55
Q

Why are elements in the same group in the Periodic Table?

A

Same number of electrons in their outside shell.

56
Q

Which number tells you how many protons there are in a nucleus?

A

atomic number/proton number

57
Q

Sodium atoms have 11 electrons. How many protons do they have?

A

11 (Because it is a neutral atom and the number of protons = the number of electrons)

58
Q

Why are elments placed in the same period in the periodic table?

A

They have the same number of shells.

59
Q

Why might a modern periodic table have gaps in it?

A

for as yet undiscovered/synthesised elements (they are all at the end of the Modern Periodic Table)

60
Q

The atomic number of chlorine is 17. How many electrons do its atoms have?

A

17 (It has 17 protons and is neutral and therefore has 17 electrons)

61
Q

What are the two main isotopes of chlorine?

A

Chlorine-35 and Chlorine-37

62
Q

Carbon has 6 electrons, what is its electronic structure?

A

2,4

63
Q

Magnesium has 12 electrons, what is its electron connfiguration?

A

2,8,2

64
Q

Argin has 18 electrons, what is its electron configuration?

A

2,8,8

65
Q

Calcium has 20 electrons, electrons, what is its electronic structure?

A

2,8,8,2

Thornhill Academy Chemistry Combined (HGH) (8 decks)

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