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Thornhill Academy Chemistry Combined (HGH) > Topic 1 - States of Matter and Mixtures (Year 10) > Flashcards

Topic 1 - States of Matter and Mixtures (Year 10) Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the particles in a solid

A

Particles are in a fixed position, touching, organised and vibrate on the spot

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2
Q

Describe the particles in a liquid

A

particles are free to move around, but still touch

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3
Q

Describe the particles in a gas

A

particles are free to move around and are far part from each other

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4
Q

What state of matter will expand to fill the containder?

A

Gas

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5
Q

Which states of matter cannot be compressed?

A

Solid and Liquid

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6
Q

In which state of matter are particles held in a regular lattice?

A

Solid

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7
Q

Which state has the most amount of energy?

A

Gas

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8
Q

Describe the movement of water particles at room temperature

A

The particles ina liquid are constantly moving with random motion. They are free to move past each other but are always touching

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9
Q

Name the process where a gas is turned into a liquid?

A

Condensation

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10
Q

Name the process where a liquid is turned into a solid?

A

Freezing

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11
Q

Name the process where a solid is turned into a liquid

A

Melting

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12
Q

Name the process where a liquid is turned into a gas?

A

Evaporation

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13
Q

Name the process where a solid is tunred into a gas?

A

Sublimation

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14
Q

What temperature is room temperature?

A

24 degrees centigrade

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15
Q

If iodines melting point is 114 degrees centigrade and its boiling point is 184 degrees centigrade, what state is it at room temperature?

A

Solid

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16
Q

Define the term: pure substance

A

A pure substance is completely made up from a single element or compound

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17
Q

True or False: Sea water is a pure substance

A

FALSE, it is a mixture of water and sodium chloride.

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18
Q

True or False: Sodium chloride is a pure substance

A

TRUE. If you only have sodium chloride, then you have a pure substance.

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19
Q

True or False: Graphite is a pure substance

A

TRUE. It is made only from carbon atoms.

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20
Q

True or False: Air is a pure substance

A

FALSE, It is a mixture of numerous molecules.

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21
Q

How do you test the purity of a substance?

A

Test the substabces melting point against a known value

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22
Q

In fractional distillation, here is the hottest section on the fractionating column?

A

the bottom

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23
Q

True or False: Simple distillation can be used to separate a mixture of substances with very different boiling points?

A

TRUE

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24
Q

What is the name of the piece of apparatus where the gas turns into a liquid in distillation

A

Condenser

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25
Q

How would you separate a mixture of substances with very similar boiling points?

A

Fractional Distillation

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26
Q

State the two key processes involved in distillation?

A

Evaporation and Distillation

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27
Q

In filtation, what is the name of the substance left in the filter paper?

A

Residue

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28
Q

In filtation, what is the name of the substance you collect?

A

Filtrate

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29
Q

When can filtration be used to separate a mixture?

A

To separate an insoluble solid from a liquid

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30
Q

When can crystallisation be used to separate a mixture?

A

To separate a soluble solid from a solution

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31
Q

Name the key process that occurs in crystallisation

A

Evaporation

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32
Q

Explain how filtration works

A

In filtration, you pass a mixture through filter paper that has been placed in a funnel. The liquid passes straight through the small holes, but the insoluble solid is stopped by the paper as they are too big to pass through the paper

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33
Q

Explain how crystallisation works

A

In crystallisation, you heat you solution in an evaporating basing to evaporate off the water, leaving your crystals behind.

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34
Q

If a beaker contain sand and sodium chloride solution, how would you separate this?

A

Filtration

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35
Q

How could you obtain sodium chloride from a sodium chloride solution?

A

Crystallisation

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36
Q

Why should you always cover a chromatography experiment?

A

To stop the solvent evaporating

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37
Q

In paper chromatography, what is meant by the term ‘staionary phase’?

A

The phase in which the particles can’t move. For example, paper chromatography, the paper is the stationary phase

38
Q

In paper chromatography, what is meant by the term ‘mobile phase’?

A

The phase in which the particles can move. For example, paper chromatography, the solvent is the mobile phase

39
Q

In chromatography, if a spot doesn’t move, what does this mean?

A

The substance is insoluble

40
Q

In chromatography, if there are 5 spots on the chromatogram, how many substances does a sample contain?

A

5, The number of spots = the number of substances

41
Q

Describe how you could use paper chromatography to separate a mixture containing 3 dyes

A

Draw a base line on the chromatography paper, add dots of the dyes onto the line, place into the solvent and watch the solvent run up to chromatography paper.

42
Q

In chromatography, why do you draw the baseline in pencil?

A

because pencil won’t run with the solvent, whereas pen would.

43
Q

In chromatography, why must the solvent always be below the start line?

A

If the water is above the start line, the samples will dissolve into the solvent

44
Q

What is meant by the term chromatogram?

A

A pattern of spots formed as a result of separating a mixture using chromatography

45
Q

True or False: A pure substance will produce two spots during chromatography?

A

False, a pure substand only form one dot in chromatographystance so wouce is made from only one dot in chromatography

46
Q

How do you calculate Rf in Chromatography?

A

Rf=Distance spot has travelled➗Distance solvent has travelled

47
Q

Define the term: Potable water

A

Water that is safe to drink.

48
Q

Define the term: Pure water

A

Water that doesn’t have any impurities and dissolved solids.

49
Q

What is waste water?

A

Waster water is water that has bbeen contaminated by human processes

50
Q

What are the three stages of water treatment to make water safe to drink

A

1.Filtration 2.Sedimentation 3.Disinfection

51
Q

In the water treatment process, what happens in the filtration stage?

A

Any solids are removed from the water.

52
Q

In the water treatment process, what happens in the sedimentation stage?

A

Iron sulpfate or aluminium sulfate is added to clump all the small particulate together. The clumps of solid fall to the bottom of the tanks to be removed.

53
Q

In the water treatment process, what happens in the disinfection stage?

A

Chlorine or Fluorine is added to kill any bacteria. UV light can also be used at this stage.

54
Q

Define the term: Desalination

A

A process to make potable water from sea water, usually using distillation

55
Q

Why is it prefferable to produce potable water from ground water, rather than from sea water?

A

Distillation of sea water is a very energy-intensive process. This means it is expensive and not pratical for producing large quantities of potable water

56
Q

Element, compound or mixture?

A

Mixture

57
Q

Element, compound or mixture?

A

Element

58
Q

Element, compound or mixture?

A

Mixture

59
Q

Element, compound or mixture?

A

Mixutre

60
Q

Element, compound or mixture?

A

Element

61
Q

Name the separation technique

A

Distillation

62
Q

Name the separation technique

A

Chromatography

63
Q

Name the separation technique

A

Crystillisation

64
Q

Name the separation technique

A

Filtration

65
Q

Name the separation technique

A

Fractional Distillation

66
Q

What are the advantages of fractionnal distillation compared to simple distillation?

A

Fractional distillation ca be used to separate out mixtures of liquids with similar boiling points.

67
Q

How many inks does sample S contain?

A

2

68
Q

What inks does samplke S contain?

A

2 and 3

69
Q

Explain what would be seen int the distillation of innky water?

A

The inky water would be heated, the water would evaporate first due to it having a lower boiling point. The water vapour then travels down the condensor, where it condenses back into water. Water is collected at the end and ink is left in the round bottom flask

70
Q

What are the three states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid and gas

71
Q

What is the melting point of water?

A

0oC

72
Q

What is the boiling point of water?

A

100oC

73
Q

The melting point of sodium is 97.7 °C. What is the state of sodium at 25.0 °C?

A

solid (The temperature is below the melting point, so it hasn’t yet melted)

74
Q

True or Flase: Pure substances have a sharp melting temperature.

A

True, pure substances melt at a specific point, whereas mixtures melt over a temperature range.

75
Q

Define: Mixture

A

A mixture is a mix of different elements or compounds where there is no chemical bonds.

76
Q

Is melting a physical or chemical property?

A

Physical - you always have the same element.

77
Q

Is a material that melts over a range of temperatures likely to be a mixture or a pure substance?

A

Mixture

78
Q

Give one safety precaution to take when heating substances.

A

Wear safety glasses

79
Q

What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?

A

In a compound, different elements are joined chemically

80
Q

What is the name given to the liquid in chromatography?

A

solvent

81
Q

If ann ink is insoluble in water in chromatography, what could you do to allow the ink to separate?

A

Use a different solvent.

82
Q

What is the term for the substance that has dissolved in the solution?

A

Solute

83
Q

How can you identify a pure substance on a chromatogram?

A

It only has one spot/dot

84
Q

What word describes the clear liquid that comes through the filter paper?

A

Filtrate

85
Q

What word describes the solid that is trapped by the filter paper?

A

residue

86
Q

What do we call the liquid collected at the end of distillation?

A

distillate

87
Q

Give an everyday use of tap water.

A

Drinking, cooking or cleaning

88
Q

Which of these is soluble in water – sand or salt?

A

salt

89
Q

Why is drinking water not classed as pure water?

A

Pure means that there is only water molecules, drinking water has salts and minerals dissolved into it.

90
Q

Describe what happens to the particles when a liquid turns into a gas.

A

The liquid particles gain energy. When they gain energy, they move quicker. they then break away from the particles close by turnoing into a gas.

Thornhill Academy Chemistry Combined (HGH) (8 decks)

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