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Chemistry GCSE Edexcel > Topic 3- Chemical Changes > Flashcards

Topic 3- Chemical Changes Flashcards

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1
Q

What colours does litmus paper turn?

A

Red In acidic solutions

Purple in neutral solutions

Blue in alkaline solutions

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2
Q

What colours does methyl orange turn?

A

Red in acidic solutions

Yellow in neutral and alkaline

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3
Q

What colours does phenolphthalein turn?

A

Colourless in acidic and neutral

Pink in alkaline solutions

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4
Q

What is an acid?

A
  • An acid is a substance with a pH of less than 7
  • Acids form H+ ions in water
  • The higher the concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution the more acidic
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5
Q

What is an alkali?

A
  • An alkali is a base that is soluble in water
  • Alkalis have a pH of more than 7
  • They form OH- ions (hydroxide ions) in water
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6
Q

What is a base?

A

A base is a substance that reacts with an acid to produce a salt and water

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7
Q

What is a neutral substance?

A

A neutral substance has a pH of 7

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8
Q

What is a strong acid?

A

•strong acids ionise completely in a solution

•they usually have low pHs (pH 0-2)
Eg. Sulphuric, hydrochloric, nitric

(Not to be confused with high concentration)

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9
Q

What is a weak acid?

A
  • weak acids don’t fully ionise in a solution

* There pHs are usually 2-6

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10
Q

What happens when acids react with bases?

A

•A salt is formed

Salts are formed during a neutralisation reaction

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11
Q

What happens when acids react with a metal?

A

•Salts form

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12
Q

How do you test for hydrogen?

A

•using a lit splint, if a hydrogen is present you’ll hear a squeaky pop

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13
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide?

A

To see if a gas is carbon dioxide you can test it by bubbling it through limewater

If it’s carbon dioxide the limewater will turn cloudy

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14
Q

What is electrolysis?

A
  • Electrolysis is the breaking down of a substance using electricity
  • In electrolysis oxidation and reduction occur
  • oxidation is the loss of electrons
  • reduction is the gain of electrons
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Chemistry GCSE Edexcel (11 decks)

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