Topic 3 - Chemestry Follows Suit In Indentifying The Elements Flashcards
What are some Joseph Black investigations
Chalk + heat = quicklime
Chalk into quicklime, gas evolved, slaking of quicklime, water absorbed
Adding carbonate soda changed back to original state
Who is Joseph Black
Scottish investigator
Concerned with bladder stones & cure
Success was due to the accuracy of his measurements
Who found fixed air and what is it
Joseph black
Fixed air: carbon dioxide
It’s the conversion of quicklime into ordinary chalk by exposure to air
Who was first in intensive & detailed study of chemical reaction
Joseph black
Who is Henry Cavendish
Exact experimenter like J. Black
1st paper to Royal Society called “on fictitious air”
Published “experiments on air”
Explain “on fictitious air”
Paper by cavendish
Implied gas produced artificially in lab is distinct from natural air
Found “inflammable air” (now known as hydrogen)
Explain “experiments on Air”
Published by henry cavendish
Only product of combusted “inflammable air” & dephlogisticated air is WATER
Water is a compound not an element
Ratio 422:208
What is dephlogisticated air
Oxygen
What is Inflammable air
Hydrogen
Who is Joseph Priestly
- No academic training
- Greatly improved techniques or studying gases by collecting them over mercury instead of water
- Found green pants make respired air again repairable & gives off respirable gas
- Bad theorist b/c of no theoretical background
- Isolated oxygen
Who is Carl Wilhelm Scheele?
“Treatise on air and fire” (1777)
Proved air consisted of 2 diff gases (oxygen & nitrogen)
Isolated oxygen before Priestly but didn’t document it
Chemical discoveries: oxygen, chlorine, silicon, glycerol
What did black, cavendish, priestly & schele assume?
- Matter was completely conserved
Never came about or disappeared during their experiments - Weight was the measure of matter
- Prolonged boiling turned water into earth
Who is Antoine Lavoisier?
- French chemist
- Showed boiling water w/ solids left behind ( nothing lost, noing gained)
- Carbon dioxide & water are product of breathing
- Credited for the word Oxygen
- Disproved the phlogiston theory
What is the phlogiston theory?
When a substance burns, phlogiston (flame) is given off
What does the word phlogiston mean?
Greek word for “Flame”
