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Bio 240 > Topic 3 Archaea > Flashcards

Topic 3 Archaea Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What make archaea and bacteria the same and different

A

They look alike but DNA diffieriantes them

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2
Q

What domain had the first methogens ?

A

Archaea

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3
Q

Are there archea humanal pathogens

A

No

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4
Q

Why are archaea elite

A

Bc they love extreme inhospitable places to live

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5
Q

What 3 type of extreme needs do some archaea need to grow

A

Extreme temp
Acid
Concetration

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6
Q

What is archaea usual size

A

0.5 - 5 micro meters similar to bacteria

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7
Q

What are the 6 shapes archaea like to have ?

A

Rods
Spherical
Spiral
Pleomorphic
Sqaures
Rectangles

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8
Q

What type of chromsome and does the archaea nucleaus have a membrane bound nucleus

A

Its a circular chromosomes and no memebrane

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9
Q

What type of inclusion bodies do archaea have

A

Gas vesicles fror sqaure bouyancy

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10
Q

What differentiate archaeal histones ?

A

That it is in a tetramer formation histons and the dna wrapped around is 60 nucleotiide pair

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11
Q

What is unique about the archael cyto skeleton

A

That homolomgs are found in other domains

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12
Q

What is the the actin homolog in the cytoskeleton called

A

TA0583

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13
Q

Do all yarchaea have a plasma membrane ?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Most have cell wall but not all have outer membranes

A
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15
Q

What is the cell envelope of archaea made up of

A

Plasma membrane and cell wall sometimes out membrane

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16
Q

What makes archaea’s plasma membrane special?

A

It has a unique bi layer

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17
Q

What three things differentiates archael membrane than to bac and euk

A

It has a phytanal chain
Glycerol on different carbon( gylceral -1 - phosphate
Ether linkages

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18
Q

What are the benefits of ether linkages ?

A

They are more stable at higher temps

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19
Q

What is the bi layer membrane in archaea

A

Its it a bi phytanal chain with phosphglyceral on both ends is very stable for high temps

20
Q

What are three things that maks ignicoccus wierd

A

Its has outmembrane
Periplasm similar to gram negative
Atp sythesase im outer membrame

21
Q

What is the archael cell wall composed of ?

A

Its composed of a polysaccharide called psedomurein

22
Q

What 3 things differienates the archraea cell wall from bacteria

A

It has beta 1,3 linkages
Links NAG & NAT
AND USES JUST AMINO ACIDS

23
Q

What 2 things makes up the cell surface ?

A

S layer (same function as bacteria)
Cannule

24
Q

What is the cannulae?

A

Hollow glycoproteins tubes
When archaela cells divide from cell division they still keep contact via the tubes using it as a complex network to exchange things

25
Q

What differentiates archellum to flagellum

A

Archellum uses ATP instead of PMF and grows from base not basel body

26
Q

What is nucleasome

A

Dna and histone

27
Q

What are the 4 major phyla

A

Euryarchaeota
Crenarchaeaota
Thaumarchaeota
Nanoarchaeota

28
Q

What are three things crenarchaeota area?

A

Thermophiles
Acidophiles (acid lovimg
Barophilea (high pressue) bottom of sea

29
Q

How are crenarchaeota able to survive harsh temps what are the 5 key things

A

4 lipid monolyers
Modified protiens
Chaperone proteins
Thermostanle dna binding proteimd
Reverse dna gyrase enzyme to increase dna super coiling

30
Q

What were the first recognized phyla ?

A

Cren and eukarchaeta

31
Q

What are the 4 modified proteins You need ?

A

More a helix less beta sheets
More salt bridges
More argenie and tyrosine as they have salt bridges
Less cysteinie amd serine

32
Q

What do the chaperone proteins do ?

A

They keep the protein folded

33
Q

What does the dna binding proteins do ?

A

They key the dna from denaturing

34
Q

What is the reverse dna gyrase enzyme

A

Its is a toperisomerases that increases dna supercoiling

35
Q

What do euryachaeota halophiles love and how much concentration do they need to live ?

A

They love salt and need greater than 1.5 M to live

36
Q

How does halophiles avoid osmotic bullshit

A

By pumping K inside the cell to match the NA outside

37
Q

What is negative about pumping K inside ?

A

K can denature protein and DNA

38
Q

What dies halophiles do to not have there protein and dna denature

A

They get high contents of GUANINE AND CYTSOSINE to stop dna denature
And they get high acideic proteins which remaind stable in high salt

39
Q

What colour is halobscterium?

A

Its red

40
Q

Halobacterium is phototrophic without chrolopylls and electric transport chain

A
41
Q

How does halobacterium make energy

A

Capture light and bacteriorlhidosin pump proteins through memebrane and it becomes PMF which give energy atp

42
Q

What can halobacterium adapt to

A

They can adapt to low carbon and oxygen

43
Q

What does halobacterium do when oxygen is high

A

They grown organic molecules when oxygen is high

44
Q

What phyla only produce methane?

A

Euryarchaeota

45
Q

How does euryarchaeota product methane

A

They reduce CO2 with hydrogen and make methane and water

46
Q

Where can you find the Euryarchaeota methane

A

In human gut or swamp sediment

47
Q

Where can you find methane ?

A

Anoxic sediments and animal digestive tracts

Bio 240 (5 decks)

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