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ME 100 > Topic 3 > Flashcards

Topic 3 Flashcards

Evaluating Properties

1
Q

Substance that has a fixed chemical
composition throughout

A

Pure Substance

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2
Q

A mixture of various chemical
elements or compounds also
qualifies as a pure substance as long
as the mixture is

A

Homogeneous

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3
Q

Does not have to be of a single
chemical element or compound.

A

Pure Substance

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4
Q

Major Components in Dry Air

A

Nitrogen - 78.08%
Oxygen - 20.95
Argon - 0.93%
Other - 4%

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5
Q

Minor Components in Dry Air (Other 4%)

A

Carbon Dioxide - 0.033%
Neon - 0.0018%
Helium - 0.0005%
Methane - 0.0002%
Krypton - 0.0001%
Hydrogen - 0.00005%
Xenon - 0.000009%

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6
Q

any mixture that is uniform in
composition throughout.

A

Homogeneous mixture (solutions)

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7
Q

3 principal phases

A

Solid, Liquid, Gas

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8
Q

quantity of matter that is
homogeneous throughout in both
chemical composition and physical
structure

A

Phase

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9
Q

strong intermolecular bond

A

Solid

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10
Q

intermediate intermolecular bonds

A

Liquid

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11
Q

weak intermolecular bond

A

Gas

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12
Q

the temperature and pressure above which there is no distinction between the liquid and vapor phases.

A

Critical Point

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13
Q

the temperature and pressure at which all three
phases can exist in equilibrium.

A

Triple Point

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14
Q

change of phase from solid to vapor.

A

Sublimation

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15
Q

change of phase from liquid to vapor.

A

Vaporization

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16
Q

change of phase from vapor to liquid.

A

Condensation

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17
Q

change of phase from solid to liquid.

A

Fusion or Melting

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18
Q

a point on a phase diagram at which both the liquid and gas phases of a substance have the same density, and are therefore indistinguishable.

A

Critical Point

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19
Q

condition in which a mixture of vapor
and liquid can exist together at a given
temperature and pressure.

A

Saturation

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20
Q

the pressure at which the liquid and
vapor phases are in equilibrium at a
given temperature

A

Saturation pressure

21
Q

Saturation

A

 For a pure substance there is a
definite relationship between
saturation pressure and saturation
temperature.

 The higher the pressure, the higher
the saturation temperature

22
Q

If a substance exists as a liquid at the
saturation temperature and pressure

A

Saturated Liquid

23
Q

If the temperature of the liquid is
lower than the saturation temperature
for the existing pressure

A

sub cooled liquid or compressed liquid.

24
Q

If a substance exists entirely as
vapor at saturation temperature

A

Saturated Vapor

25
Q

When the vapor is at a temperature
greater than the saturation temperature

A

Superheated vapor

26
Q

Pressure and temperature of
superheated vapor

A
  • are independent properties,
  • temperature may increase while
    the pressure remains constant
27
Q

amount of energy absorbed or released during a phase-change process.

A

Latent Heat

28
Q

Latent heat of fusion

A
  • amount of energy absorbed during
    melting.
  • equivalent to the amount of energy
    released during freezing.
29
Q

Latent heat of vaporization

A
  • amount of energy absorbed
    during vaporization
  • equivalent to the energy
    released during condensation.
30
Q

Latent Heat

A

At 1 atm pressure

latent heat of fusion of water
333.7 kJ/kg

latent heat of vaporization
2256.5 kJ/kg.

31
Q

ratio of the mass of the vapor to the
total mass of both vapor and
liquid.

A

Quality

32
Q

Quality

A

When a substance exists as part liquid
and part vapor at saturation conditions

33
Q

Moisture Content

A

The moisture content of a substance
is the opposite of its quality.

34
Q

defined as the ratio of the mass
of the liquid to the total mass of
both liquid and vapor

A

Moisture content

35
Q

any extensive property

A

Y

36
Q

corresponding intensive property

A

y

37
Q

v < vf

A

Compressed Liquid

38
Q

vf < v < vg

A

Saturated Liquid

39
Q

v > vg

A

superheated

40
Q

x = 0.0

A

Saturated Liquid

41
Q

states the pressure of a gas expanding
at constant temperature varies
inversely to the volume,

A

Ideal Gas Law

42
Q

Robert Boyle

A

Ideal Gas Law
P1V1 = P2V2 = constant

43
Q

Jacques Charles

A

concluded that the pressure of a gas varies directly with temperature when the volume is held constant, and the volume varies directly with temperature when the pressure is held constant

44
Q

Jacques Charles

A

V1 / V2 = T1 / T2 or P1 / P2 = T1 / T2

45
Q

universal gas constant

A

Ru

R = Ru / M

46
Q

Specific heat at constant volume

A

Cv (for a constant-volume process)

47
Q

Specific heat at constant pressure

A

Cp (for a constant - pressure process)

48
Q

specific heat ratio

A

k

k = Cp / Cv

49
Q

functions of temperature alone

A

u, h, Cv, and Cp

ME 100 (5 decks)

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