Topic 3

Question 1

When it is sunny outside, you put on your sunglasses. Doing so makes it less bright on your eyes and they no longer hurt. As a result, you are more likely to put on your sunglasses next time it’s too sunny out. What is this an example of?

Answer 1

Negative reinforcement

Question 2

What is negative reinforcement?

Answer 2

taking something away to increase behaviour

Question 3

What is positive reinforcement?

Answer 3

adding something to increase behaviour

Question 4

What is positive punishment?

Answer 4

adding something to decrease behaviour

Question 5

What is negative punishment?

Answer 5

taking something away to decrease behaviour

Question 6

Lin always gets really nervous and sometimes cried when she goes to the doctor. She remembers that she used to be comfortable coming to the doctor’s office, so she knows that the fear is a learned behaviour. In this situation, What would be the unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 6

A painful procedure conducted in the office

Question 7

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Answer 7

stimulus that naturally elicits a response without prior conditioning

Question 8

What is an unconditioned response?

Answer 8

the response elicited by the presentation of an unconditioned response

Question 9

What is a conditioned stimulus?

Answer 9

a previously neutral stimulus that comes to elicit a response

Question 10

What is a conditioned response?

Answer 10

a learned response to an environmental stimulus (CS)

Question 11

What is a neutral stimulus?

Answer 11

a stimulus that will become a conditioned response

Question 12

May is a teacher and she has a very disruptive student in her class. She has tried scolding the students and telling them they need to stop being disruptive, but that seems to only have made the student more likely to act out. What is May’s scolding behaviour acting as in this situation?

Answer 12

Positive reinforcement

Question 13

What is habituation?

Answer 13

responding less strongly over time to a repeated stimulo

Question 14

What is sensitization?

Answer 14

increased strength in the response to a repeated stimuli

Question 15

Fin’s neighbours are renovating their house and he finds it difficult to concentrate with all of the noise. As the day goes by, he is able to do his work despite the noise from the drilling machine being as loud as it was when it started. What has fin done?

Answer 15

Habituated to the noise

Question 16

In a Netflix documentary called The Hidden Lives of Pets, they show a lizard who needs to slide a door to the side in order to access a bowl of treats. The lizard is given a chance to interact with the door but it struggles to find a behaviour that successfully opens the door. The lizard is only able to slide the door and gain their reward after watching another lizard solve the task. What concept best describes this situation?

Answer 16

Social/observational learning

Question 17

Knowing that Little Albert would be afraid of loud noises, Watson and Rayner conditioned him to fear a white rat by pairing the presentation of the rat with a loud noise. Although he was initially unafraid of the rat, after several trials, he would cry and become fearful when shown the rat. What does the rat represent?

Answer 17

conditioned stimulus

Question 18

In classical conditioning, a behaviour changes because of an association that is learned ________ the behaviour occurs, but in operant conditioning, the behaviour is influenced by events that occur _________ it.

Answer 18

before; after

Question 19

Every time he drives past the restaurant where he proposed to his husband, Terry smiles. His pleasant emotions associated with the restaurant are an example of __________.

Answer 19

classical conditioning

Question 20

Classical conditioning

Answer 20

Focusing on the antecedent causing a behaviour and the antecedent being presented brings about the behaviour
involves the manipulation of antecedents

Question 21

Operant conditioning

Answer 21

Focuses on the behaviour being controlled by consequences, introduces reinforcers or punishers to change behaviour
*think reinforcement and punishment

Question 22

Lee’s neighbours are renovating their house and he finds it difficult to concentrate with all of the noise. As the day goes by, he finds he can’t think of anything other than the noise and is jumping constantly as the machinery starts and stops despite the noise from the drilling machine being no louder than it was when it started. Lee has __________.

Answer 22

sensitized to the noise

Question 23

What is an example of an unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response pair?

Answer 23

puff of air —> eye blink

Question 24

What is an example of social learning?

Answer 24

Scaffolding

Question 25

What is social learning

Answer 25

learning from people around us

Question 26

What is a modal action pattern

Answer 26

a response pattern or instinct that are genetically programmed

Question 27

What is an example of a modal action pattern?

Answer 27

geese egg rolling

Question 28

What is sign stimulus?

Answer 28

the features that are necessary to elicit a response

Question 29

What is a supernormal stimulus?

Answer 29

an exaggerated sign stimulus that elicits a stronger response