Topic 2 Flashcards
Why is it important to record a behaviour immediately after it occurs?
The faster an observation is recorded, the less chance there is for the observer’s recollection to change
Teenager Jia finds the loud combination of voices and eating sounds in the school lunchroom to be overwhelming and unpleasant. She has learned that humming loudly drowns out the noise and makes her feel less overwhelmed. If this leads her to hum more often, we could best describe the humming behaviour as:
Automatic negative reinforcement
What is automatic negative reinforcement?
relief from an aversive situation that aren’t mediated by others
ex: escape from pain, anxiety, etc..
What is automatic positive reinforcement?
sensory stimulation, environmental stimuli and events that aren’t mediated by others
What is social positive reinforcement?
positive reinforcement mediated by someone else
ex: getting something from others such as attention or praise
What is social negative reinforcement?
negative reinforcement mediated by someone else
ex: parent taking away a task, getting away from certain activities or interactions
What makes up a good operational definition?
An objective (not subjective) description of the behaviour you are observing
A specific and detailed explanation of how you are measuring the behaviour
Mark has found that his young daughter often cries while he’s making dinner. Every time she cries, he goes to see if there is anything wrong, but she always stops crying as soon as she has his full attention. If Mark giving his daughter attention is what’s maintaining the crying behaviour (which is our target behaviour here), what is his attention an example of?
A consequence
Mark has found that his young daughter often cries while he’s making dinner. Every time she cries, he goes to see if there is anything wrong, but she always stops crying as soon as she has his full attention. If Mark giving his daughter attention is what’s maintaining the crying behaviour, what is his attention an example of?
Social positive reinforcement
What is this scenario an example of?
Joy wants to eat less chocolate. Before implementing a treatment strategy, she gets a baseline of her chocolate consumption by making a note in her food-tracking app each time she eats any.
Direct assessment
Dr. Mann wants to test the effectiveness of a treatment intended to decrease social media usage in high school students. They have trained two undergraduate students to help observe and record the social media usage of the students. If Dr. Mann is concerned that both of the students will not be recording the behaviour in the same way, what is their concern?
Low levels of interobserver agreement
Direct Assessment
descriptive ABC recording
happens as the behaviour happens
Indirect Assessment
is situation dependent and has low reliability
relies on a persons recall
How can an observer monitor and record a target behaviour?
The observer can be the person engaging in the behaviour
The observer can be someone else observing the person engaging in the behaviour.
Functional Analysis
is an assessment not a treatment
needs to manipulate variables to demonstrate a causal relationship
