topic 3

Question 1

smallest organized units of living tissues, have the ability to individually perform all the functions essential for life processes.

Answer 1

cell

Question 2

smallest organized units of living tissues, have the ability to individually perform all the functions essential for life processes.

Answer 2

cell

Question 3

lipids, as phospholipids, are arranged in two layers.

Answer 3

polar
non polar

Question 4

lipids, as phospholipids, are arranged in two layers.

Answer 4

polar
non polar

Question 5

responsible for the impermeability of the membrane to most water-soluble molecules.

Answer 5

lipid bilayer

Question 6

act as surface antigens, which function in the process of cellular recognition and interaction between cells.

Answer 6

membrane-bound carbohydrates

Question 7

net movement of water molecules through a semipermeable membrane.

Answer 7

osmosis

Question 8

basic principle underlying the previously popular erythrocyte, or red blood cell, fragility test that demonstrates changes in the erythrocytic membrane

Answer 8

osmosis

Question 9

important process in overall cellular physiology, such as the physiological activities of the erythrocyte.

Answer 9

diffusion

Question 10

another essential membrane function. Because the cellular membrane also functions as a metabolic regulator, enzyme molecules are incorporated into the membrane.

Answer 10

active transport

Question 11

process of engulfing particles or molecules, with the subsequent formation of membrane bound vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Two processes, pinocytosis (the engulfment of fluids) and phagocytosis (the engulfment and destruction of particles), are forms of endocytosis.

Answer 11

endocytosis

Question 12

highly pleomorphic and bizarre cytologic features associated with malignant tumors that are poorly differentiated.

Answer 12

anaplasia

Question 13

decrease in the number or size of cells that can lead to a decrease in organ size or tissue mass

Answer 13

athropy

Question 14

increase in the number of cells in a tissue.

Answer 14

hyperplasia

Question 15

increase in the size of cells that can lead to an increase in organ
size.

Answer 15

hypertrophy

Question 16

change from one adult cell type to another (e.g., glandular to squamous metaplasia)

Answer 16

metaplasia

Question 17

is the term used to refer to an increased concentration of erythrocytes (erythrocytosis) in the circulating blood that is above normal for gender and age.

Answer 17

Polycythemia

Question 18

produced by increased erythropoietin production results from tissue hypoxia caused by such diverse factors as defective high oxygen affi nity type of hemoglobin, certain types of anemia, chronic lung disease, or inappropriate erythropoietin production.

Answer 18

Secondary polycythemia

Question 19

an autosomal dominant trait that produces a defect in the regulation of erythropoietin. A reduction in erythropoietin production may also exist.

Answer 19

Familial polycythemia-

Question 20

Increases in erythrocytes can result from conditions that are not related to increased erythropoietin production. (increased hct, decreased plasma)

Answer 20

Relative polycythemia

Question 21

hemoglobin male
hemoglobin female

Answer 21

120-160 g/dl
110-150g/dl

Question 22

normal blood ph

Answer 22

7.35-7.45

Question 23

120 days

2.5 x 10^9/L

Answer 23

rbc

Question 24

7 hours
0.85 x 10^9/L

Answer 24

neutrophil

Question 25

10 days
2.5 x 10^9/L

Answer 25

platelet

Question 26

4.5~5.5×1012/L, average 5.0×1012/L (male).
3.8~4.6×1012/L, average 4.2×1012/L (female)

Answer 26

hemoglobin

Question 27

made up of two polypeptide α chains and β chains.

Answer 27

hemoglobin

Question 28

▶ essential for the synthesis DNA.
▶ Synthesized by microorganisms and higher plants.
▶ Good sources are green leafy vegetables, yeast and organ meats.
▶ Absorbed in the proximal jejunum.

Answer 28

folic acid