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hema lec > topic 1 > Flashcards

topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

mong African Americans.

A

Sickle cell anemia

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2
Q

hematologic diseases genetic in origin

A

Hemophilia A

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3
Q

ay predispose patients to infection and intolerance to exercise, hypoxia, acidosis, blood loss.

A

Hematologic disorders

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4
Q

Hematopoietic system consists of:

A

Blood (both cells and plasma)
▶ Bone marrow
▶ Liver
▶ Spleen
▶ Kidneys

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5
Q

produce erythropoietin

A

kidneys

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6
Q

hormone responsible for red blood cell production

A

erythropoietin

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7
Q

Blood volume of total body weight

A

6%

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8
Q

Determinants of blood volume

A

red cell mass and plasma volume.

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9
Q

▶ Other compensatory mechanisms:

A

▶ Vasoconstriction
▶ Tachycardia
▶ Increased cardiac contractility

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10
Q

thick, pale-yellow fluid; 90–92% water;
6–7% proteins.

A

plasma

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11
Q

have great difficulty diffusing across membranes.

A

plasma

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12
Q

transport oxygen from lungs to
tissues.

Contains hemoglobin molecules that transport oxygen.

A

rbc

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13
Q

Increased 2,3-BPG makes it difficult for oxygen to combine with hemoglobin in lungs.

A

true

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14
Q

Rise in body temperature causes decrease in hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.

A

true

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15
Q

decrease in pH and increase in body temperature causes hemoglobin to release oxygen.

A

true

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16
Q

red blood cell production.

A

Erythropoiesis

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17
Q

Spleen and liver contain scavenger cells called

A

macrophages

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18
Q

RBCs quantified or measured and reported in
two ways:

A

red blood cell count and hematocrit

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19
Q

RBC count: total number of RBCs reported in

A

mm3

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20
Q

packed cell volume of red blood
cells per unit of blood.

A

Hematocrit

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21
Q

Chemical signals

A

chemotaxis

22
Q

WHITE BLOOD CELLS ENGULFING AND DESTROYING AN INVADER IN THE PROCESS CALLED

A

PHAGOCYTOSIS

23
Q

Healthy people have ______WBCs per
microliter of blood.

A

5,000 to 9,000

24
Q

stem cells respond to growth factors that allow them to differentiate into three blasts: myeloblasts, monoblasts, lymphoblasts.

A

Leukopoiesis

25
Q

absorb basic stains; blue granules.

function in allergic reactions.

Store histamine; contain heparin, which breaks down blood clots.

A

Basophils

26
Q

absorb acidic stains; red granules.

A

Eosinophils

27
Q

absorb neither acidic nor basic stains well; pale blue and pink granules.

function to fight infection.

Engulf and kill microorganisms that invade body.

A

Neutrophils

28
Q

inactivate chemical mediators of acute allergic reactions.

Contain major basic protein (MBP), which fights parasitic infections.

A

Eosinophils

29
Q

Macrophages (“garbage collectors” of immune system) engulf both foreign invaders and dead neutrophils.

A

Monocytes

30
Q

Primary cells involved in body’s immune response.

A

Lymphocytes

31
Q

Two basic subpopulations of lymphocytes:

A

T cells and B cells.

32
Q

responsible for developing cell-mediated, or cellular, immunity.

A

T cells

33
Q

produce antibodies to combat infection (humoral immunity).

A

B cells

34
Q

If they do not, T cells will recognize new organ as “not self” and begin attacking it

A

rejection

35
Q

Small fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes.

A

Platelets, or thrombocytes

36
Q

Early evidences of cancer in the bone was found in mummies
and manuscripts (1600BC).

A

The Egyptians

37
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

ibn al nafis

38
Q

Discovery of light microscope
Blood film=peripheral smear

A

1590

39
Q

described the systemic circulation 1682

A

William Harvey

40
Q

Lymphatic system

Lympha meaning

A

Olof Rudbeck

Greek, goddess of fresh water

41
Q

discovered nucleus and blood cells

A

Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek

42
Q

father of hematology, discover coagulation
year ng blood transfusion

A

William Hewson
1828

43
Q

leukemia, cancer treatment

A

Rudolf Virchow

44
Q

’ “Blood clots are caused by changes in blood vessel wall, blood flow and its composition.” (Blood stasis, endothelial damage and Hypercoagulation)

A

Virchow’s Triad

45
Q

Virchow’s student, discovered thrombosis, embolism and infarction. “Neurofibromatosis Type I”

A

Von Rechlinghausen

46
Q

when Aspirin “wonder drug”

A

1897

47
Q

used by Egiptians, Mayans etc, also known analgesic and antipyretic

A

Aspirin “wonder drug”

48
Q

made “asprin” available for masses

A

Felix Hoffman (bayer)

49
Q

ABO blood group, Rhesus & MNP

A

Karl Landsteiner

50
Q

Heparin , natural anticoagulant
Naturally occurring glycosaminogly cans(polysaccharides)
2nd yr student Jay McLean(John Hapkins University)

A

1916

51
Q

Warfarin (rat poison) prothrombin ( pt) originated from sweet clover
Aka coumadin

A

1920’S

52
Q

Thalidomide, sedative
-Phocomelia(flipper limbs)
-Teratogenic
-Remove,market 1961
-1994 discovered to have anti-angiogenic properties
-used for multiple myeloma

A

1957

hema lec (5 decks)

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