topic 1 Flashcards
mong African Americans.
Sickle cell anemia
hematologic diseases genetic in origin
Hemophilia A
ay predispose patients to infection and intolerance to exercise, hypoxia, acidosis, blood loss.
Hematologic disorders
Hematopoietic system consists of:
Blood (both cells and plasma)
▶ Bone marrow
▶ Liver
▶ Spleen
▶ Kidneys
produce erythropoietin
kidneys
hormone responsible for red blood cell production
erythropoietin
Blood volume of total body weight
6%
Determinants of blood volume
red cell mass and plasma volume.
▶ Other compensatory mechanisms:
▶ Vasoconstriction
▶ Tachycardia
▶ Increased cardiac contractility
thick, pale-yellow fluid; 90–92% water;
6–7% proteins.
plasma
have great difficulty diffusing across membranes.
plasma
transport oxygen from lungs to
tissues.
Contains hemoglobin molecules that transport oxygen.
rbc
Increased 2,3-BPG makes it difficult for oxygen to combine with hemoglobin in lungs.
true
Rise in body temperature causes decrease in hemoglobin’s affinity for oxygen.
true
decrease in pH and increase in body temperature causes hemoglobin to release oxygen.
true
red blood cell production.
Erythropoiesis
Spleen and liver contain scavenger cells called
macrophages
RBCs quantified or measured and reported in
two ways:
red blood cell count and hematocrit
RBC count: total number of RBCs reported in
mm3
packed cell volume of red blood
cells per unit of blood.
Hematocrit
Chemical signals
chemotaxis
WHITE BLOOD CELLS ENGULFING AND DESTROYING AN INVADER IN THE PROCESS CALLED
PHAGOCYTOSIS
Healthy people have ______WBCs per
microliter of blood.
5,000 to 9,000
stem cells respond to growth factors that allow them to differentiate into three blasts: myeloblasts, monoblasts, lymphoblasts.
Leukopoiesis
absorb basic stains; blue granules.
function in allergic reactions.
Store histamine; contain heparin, which breaks down blood clots.
Basophils
absorb acidic stains; red granules.
Eosinophils
absorb neither acidic nor basic stains well; pale blue and pink granules.
function to fight infection.
Engulf and kill microorganisms that invade body.
Neutrophils
inactivate chemical mediators of acute allergic reactions.
Contain major basic protein (MBP), which fights parasitic infections.
Eosinophils
Macrophages (“garbage collectors” of immune system) engulf both foreign invaders and dead neutrophils.
Monocytes
Primary cells involved in body’s immune response.
Lymphocytes
Two basic subpopulations of lymphocytes:
T cells and B cells.
responsible for developing cell-mediated, or cellular, immunity.
T cells
produce antibodies to combat infection (humoral immunity).
B cells
If they do not, T cells will recognize new organ as “not self” and begin attacking it
rejection
Small fragments of large cells called megakaryocytes.
Platelets, or thrombocytes
Early evidences of cancer in the bone was found in mummies
and manuscripts (1600BC).
The Egyptians
pulmonary circulation
ibn al nafis
Discovery of light microscope
Blood film=peripheral smear
1590
described the systemic circulation 1682
William Harvey
Lymphatic system
Lympha meaning
Olof Rudbeck
Greek, goddess of fresh water
discovered nucleus and blood cells
Antoine Van Leeuwenhoek
father of hematology, discover coagulation
year ng blood transfusion
William Hewson
1828
leukemia, cancer treatment
Rudolf Virchow
’ “Blood clots are caused by changes in blood vessel wall, blood flow and its composition.” (Blood stasis, endothelial damage and Hypercoagulation)
Virchow’s Triad
Virchow’s student, discovered thrombosis, embolism and infarction. “Neurofibromatosis Type I”
Von Rechlinghausen
when Aspirin “wonder drug”
1897
used by Egiptians, Mayans etc, also known analgesic and antipyretic
Aspirin “wonder drug”
made “asprin” available for masses
Felix Hoffman (bayer)
ABO blood group, Rhesus & MNP
Karl Landsteiner
Heparin , natural anticoagulant
Naturally occurring glycosaminogly cans(polysaccharides)
2nd yr student Jay McLean(John Hapkins University)
1916
Warfarin (rat poison) prothrombin ( pt) originated from sweet clover
Aka coumadin
1920’S
Thalidomide, sedative
-Phocomelia(flipper limbs)
-Teratogenic
-Remove,market 1961
-1994 discovered to have anti-angiogenic properties
-used for multiple myeloma
1957
