Topic 3 Flashcards
no diagrams. no fibrinogen
What does the mouth and salivary glands do?
The teeth grind food into small pieces. Salivary glands release saliva, containing amylase (enzymes) which breaks starch into maltose, then broken down by maltase into glucose.
What does the oesophagus do?
At the back of the mouth, the food is made into a ball called the bolus. The bolus is pushed down the oesophagus by rings of muscle, by a motion called peristalsis.
What does the stomach do?
Main organ where food is digested. Muscles churn the food. Enzymes (e.g. pepsin) are added along with hydrochloric acid
What does the small intestine do?
Absorbs nutrients and most water. It is made from microscopic villi that increases the surface area so more nutrients can be absorbed quicker.
What does capillaries do?
Blood flow maintains concentration gradient (quicker diffusion)
Where is the ileum and what does it do?
The last part of the small intestine, where most of the nutrients is absorbed.
What is the duodenem?
Part of the small intestine. Food enters the duodenem where bile and further digestive enzymes are added to further digest food.
What does the large intestine do?
Mainly indigestible food and water enter here. Absorbs water back into the bod
What does the liver & gallbladder do?
Liver produces bile which helps digest lipids. The gallbladder stores the bile until it is ready to be released into the small intestine.
What does the pancreas do?
Produces enzymes involved in digestion. Also produces insulin and glucagon (regulate blood sugar levels)
Define ingestion:
The taking of substances into the body.
Define digestion:
The breakdown of food.
Define absorption:
The movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood.
Define assimilation:
The uptake and use of nutrients by cells.
Define egestion:
The removal of undigested food from the body as faeces.
What is physical digestion?
The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules. Physical digestion increases the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion.
What do canines do?
Cut and tear up food.
What do molars do?
Teeth that do the most chewing work while eating.
What do incisors do?
Work to bring food into the mouth and cut it.
What do premolars do?
Helps incisors and canines grind and mix food while chewing.
What does bile do?
Helps to emulsify fats, increasing the surface area for faster chemical digestion by enzymes.
What does the stomach do to help physical digestion?
Muscular contractions to churn up/break the food.
What are the 3 main types of enzymes?
- Carbohydrases
- Lipases
- Proteases
Where is amylase produced and where is it excreted?
Produced in the salivary glands and pancreas. Excreted in the mouth and duodenem.
What does amylase (CARBOHYDRASES) do?
Amylase breaks down starch into maltose, which is then broken down by maltase into glucose.
Where are lipases (digests lipids) produced and excreted?
Produced in the pancreas and secreted in the duodenem.
Where does the breakdown of maltose into glucose occur?
In the epithelium membrane of the small intestine.
