Topic 3

Question 1

Advantages of quantitative analysis

Answer 1

• measures magnitude
• detects small changes
• objective feedback
• detailed information

Question 2

Disadvantages of quantitative analysis

Answer 2

• expensive
• needs well trained operators
• mathematical

Question 3

Advantages of qualitative analysis

Answer 3

• freely available
• quick, easy, simple
• cheap

Question 4

Disadvantages of qualitative analysis

Answer 4

• requires good background knowledge/experience
• subjective
• difficult to track improvement

Question 5

Steps in qualitative anlalysis

Answer 5

1. focus attention on the sequence of movement events
2. identifies & directs attention to the most significant aspects of a particular skill/movement sequence
3. identifies elements of the movement for instruction and feedback
4. evaluating development of movement and assessing performance over time

Question 6

Skill - Nature

Answer 6

skill, movement pattern, constraints, style, technique

Question 7

Skill - type

Answer 7

open, closed, discrete, continuous, serial, constraints

Question 8

movement pattern

Answer 8

general series of anatomical movements that have common elements of spatial configuration

Question 9

skill

Answer 9

a general movement pattern is adapted to the constraints of a particular task/sport
e.g. tennis backhand

Question 10

technique

Answer 10

a particular type of the same skill
e.g. tennis backhand with topspin or backspin

Question 11

style

Answer 11

individual adaptations to a technique
e.g. knee bend during a backhand

Question 12

constraints

Answer 12

event limitations = physical boundaries, and rules concerning uniform/equipment/environment
performer limitations = anthropometrics, skill level, muscular strength/power/endurance/flexability

Question 13

closed skill

Answer 13

performed in a predictable environment
free to execute the skill without making quick decisions due to unexpected changes
easiest skill to learn

Question 14

open skill

Answer 14

skill is performed in and in response to an unpredictable and changing environment

Question 15

discrete skill

Answer 15

defined beginning and end, can be divided into seperate phases

Question 16

continuous skill

Answer 16

no defined beginning and end, repeated cycles of same movement

Question 17

serial skill

Answer 17

discrete skills performed in a series

Question 18

phases of a discrete skill

Answer 18

1. preparation 2. execution 3. recovery/follow through

Question 19

steps in analysisng movement

Answer 19

1. preparation - what to observe
2. observation - the performance
3. evaluation - detect faults/weaknesses
4. intervention - correct the performance

Question 20

preparation phase you need:

Answer 20

knowledge of: normal movement, biomechanics, motor control, performer (anthropometry, genetics, age, weight, injury history), environment (where the skill will be performed, what environmental factors influence performance)
sources of info: professional experience (coaches, anecdotal), expert opinion (journal articles, websites).

Question 21

preparation phase steps

Answer 21

1. identify overall performance objective (OPO)/goal of skill
2. divide skills into discrete parts
3. identify the mechanical purpose (MP) of each discrete part to achieve the OPO
4. list the biomechanical factors (BF) of each discrete part to enable the accomplishment of the MP
5. list the critical features (CF) - movements to be performed to achieve the BF

Question 22

vantage point in observation

Answer 22

angle/plane of view, location of sun, distance from activity, height of observation.

Question 23

The sampling theorom

Answer 23

when recording, the sampling frequency must be at least twice as high as the highest frequency of the movement

Question 24

other things to remeber for observations

Answer 24

deidentify performer (e.g. trial ID), subject preparation (joint markers, measurements, tight clothing, clutter-free background), scaling reference for displacement/velocity/acceleration

Question 25

evaluation

Answer 25

judgment of quality, assess good/bad points, critique against normal/elite performance, refer to BF & CF, cause of error?

Question 26

Intervention

Answer 26

reliability of info, selection of most appropriate intervention, clearly differentiate good/bad performance, info at the appropriate time and is easily absorbable, rapidity of feedback is critical

Question 27

feedback

Answer 27

don’t overload performer (1 cue at time, easiest corrections first), then reassess movement after feedback

Question 28

methods of feedback

Answer 28

visual (demo, pics, video), exaggerate the demonstrations, task modification, manual/mechanical guidance, conditioning (flexibility/strength issue?)