Topic 3

Question 1

Structure of Franco’s government: Cabinet

Answer 1

• made up of senior ministers
• reflected different groups that supported the regime; Falange, monarchists….

Question 2

Structure of Franco’s government: Cortes

Answer 2

• appointed by Franco and his most senior advisors, not the people
• could offer advice to Franco
• had no power independent of Franco

Question 3

How did corporation system work?

Answer 3

• members appointed by Council of State
• employers and worker organised into syndicates representing different economic areas

Question 4

Who did the corporation system represent?

Answer 4

army, church, local areas, rural and urban workers

Question 5

What was the Initial policies?

Answer 5

• gave control of primary education to Catholic Church
• contrast to republic: legalised divorce, gave women right to vote

Question 6

What was the Civil Code?

Answer 6

• made women into virtual slaves to their husbands and fathers
• men controlled; custody of children, bank accounts, contracts

Question 7

What was the Press Law?

Answer 7

• 1938
• gvt could regulate and restrict media
• gvt had power to appoint and dismiss staff
• could shut down publication

Question 8

Franco’s New State: Social successes

Answer 8

• social stability- strikes & industrial unrest reduced
• falling levels of unemployment- 750,000 before war and 150,000 by 1944

Question 9

Franco’s New State: Political successes

Answer 9

• support from Falange
• support from conservatives- likes that Autarky prioritised Spain’s interest

Question 10

Franco’s New State: Economic failures

Answer 10

• agricultural production was lower than 1936
• couldn’t export products, reduced marker
• 1947-48: period of famine as agriculture was poor

Question 11

Franco’s New State: Social failures

Answer 11

• living conditions decline for urban and rural workers
• high inflation meant higher prices for all goods
• underemployment- not employed to their full potential

Question 12

Problems Franco had to overcome?

Answer 12

• wanting to replace multi-party democracy
• strengthening relationship between church and nationalists
• freedom press had
• left-wing opposition
• politcal enemies

Question 13

Methods o control Spain: Using Civil War- what they did

Answer 13

• punish people who fought for Republicans
• Franco’s supporters were rewarded
• made propaganda to show war was started by communists
• many people did not know what happened to family members that were imprisoned

Question 14

Methods of control Spain: Using Civil War- impact

Answer 14

• repression and terror in Nationalist zone
• Franco shown as good leader to Nationalist
• Franco’s power is shown
• Republicans at lost and no family to rely on
• Republicans blamed and hated

Question 15

Methods of control Spain: political terror & repression- what they did

Answer 15

• Law of Political Responsibilities
• Law of Repression & Banditry
• 1947- Somaten- compromised 100,000 armed men who were entrusted with police powers
• Civil Guard had presence in any major town and city
• by 1940, 500,000 people had passed through camps

Question 16

What was the Law of Political Responsibilities?

Answer 16

• 1939
• criminalised any person who has been involved in radical political activities
• placed Falange militia and police under military control
• people who had been left-wing since 1934 would be criminalised
• military courts could put you under house arrest and execute prisoners

Question 17

What was the Law of Repression & Banditry?

Answer 17

• 1947
• gave gvt power to deal with threat of insurgency
• layed down harsh penalties for anybody suspected of aiding resistance fighters

Question 18

Methods of control Spain: political repression and terror- impact

Answer 18

• 50,000 convicted of breaking law
• law allowed Franco to consolidate power
• widespread arrests and executions generated fear

Question 19

Methods of control Spain: censorship, propaganda, and cult of personality- what they did

Answer 19

• Press Law of 1938
• gvt had power to shut down any newspaper or publisher it viewed as politically incorrect
• had power to prevent publication of books
• foreign books were banned
• produces sort films in theaters before films- bigger audience as people did not have tv
• Franco used media to create highly idolised and heroic image of himself

Question 20

What was the Press Law of 1938?

Answer 20

• limited what newspapers could publish
• gave gvt power to dismiss editors

Question 21

Methods of control Spain: censorship, propaganda, and cult of personality- impact

Answer 21

• manipulated public to see him as idolised figure
• wanted public to view him as powerful figure

Question 22

Methods of control Spain: Education- what they did

Answer 22

• gave control of education to the church- believed education should have been their job
• made school compulsory for children to attend school age 6-13
• until 1973 schools segregated by gender
• 1970 general law of basic education
  -improve literacy rates: 23%-12% without literate education

Question 23

Methods of control Spain: Education- impact

Answer 23

• rise in female students
• women in secondary and university
• women’s opportunity for higher paying jobs

Question 24

Methods of control Spain: Church- what they did

Answer 24

• supported family allowances by giving money to head of household

Question 25

What does Autarky mean?

Answer 25

a country is economically self-sufficient

Question 26

What is corporatism?

Answer 26

businesses, employers, trade unions have a say on gvt policy

Question 27

What is the Treaty of Friendship?

Answer 27

secret pact between Hitler and Franco in 1939

Question 28

What wad the Seccion Femenina?

Answer 28

women’s section of the Falange

Question 29

Why did the Falange have influence?

Answer 29

They were the only group allowed in Spain

Question 30

How long did women have to be in the Seccion Femenina?

Answer 30

6 months