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History- Spain > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Who led the Nationalists at the start of the war?

A

Franco, Gil-Robles

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2
Q

Who led the Republicans at the start of the war?

A

Azana, Casares, Barrio, Giral

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3
Q

What was the Nationalists military strengths?

A
  • gvt has support from CEDA, Falange, carlists
  • there were different people following different ideologies which don’t go well together
  • e.g. Carlists sought the restoration of the monarchy, not creation of dictatorship
  • in 1936 militia was put under Franco’s military- easily controlled
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4
Q

What was the Republicans military strengths?

A
  • militia units: 150,000
  • made of volunteers
  • many rejected hierarchical organisation and formal discipline (especially with radical anarchist militias)
  • there were different people following different ideologies which don’t go well together
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5
Q

What was the Nationalists geographical divisions?

A
  • control of North-west
  • not included Basque Regions and Asturias
  • land in their zone was agricultural- produced food for market
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6
Q

What was the Republicans geographical strength?

A
  • control of south-east
  • including Madrid, Barcelona, Basque Region, Asturias
  • they possessed most of Spain’s industries and raw materials and the places with biggest population
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7
Q

What was situation at the end of August?

A
  • after 6 weeks it looked promising for Republicans
  • Nationalist forces at disadvantage: forces 1/3 smaller
  • Civil Guard and Assault Guard supported republic
  • although Army of Africa supported Nationalists it took them a while to reach mainland Spain
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8
Q

What was the International Brigade?

A
  • volunteers who travelled to Spain
  • supported Republicans
  • approx. 35,000 people
  • from France, Britain, US
  • joined to stop spread of facism
  • not trained
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9
Q

What international support did Nationalist get?

A
  • Germany, Italy
  • Franco bought from Germany: rifles, grenades, bullets
  • Mussolini supplied large number of Italian soldiers
  • Italy supplied: aircraft, bombs, artillary
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10
Q

What international support did Republicans get?

A
  • Britain, France
  • British gvt. worried that involvement in Spanish affairs would result in wider European War
  • France not willing to support unless Britain did aswell
  • Britain and France and 27 countries signed non-intervention pact
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11
Q

What was the Non-intervention pact?

A
  • French hoped Germany and Italy would honour agrement and refuse to supply Nationalists
  • in practice the policy favoured Nationalists
  • Britain and France honoured agreement and sent aid to bot sides
  • Germany and France only sent aid to Franco
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12
Q

When was the Airlift?

A

29th July 1936

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13
Q

What happened at the Airlift?

A
  • aircraft began to carry Army of Africa from Morocco to Spain
  • performed by Germans in support of Nationalists
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14
Q

When was the Siege of Alcazar?

A

September 1936

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15
Q

What happened at the Siege of Alcazar?

A
  • nationalists won
  • symbol of nationalist determination and courage at start of war
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16
Q

When was the Nationalists end assault on Madrid?

A

October- December 1936

17
Q

What happened when the Nationalists ended assault on Madrid?

A
  • nationalists won
  • Nationalists began heavy artillery and aerial bombardment on Madrid
  • International Brigade halted Nationalists advance
18
Q

When was the Battle of Jarama?

A

6th- 27th February 1937

19
Q

What happened in the Battle of Jarama?

A
  • Republicans won
  • attempt by Franco’s Nationalists to dislodge the Republican lines across the river Jarama
  • East of Madrid
20
Q

When was the Fall of Malaga?

A

February 1937

21
Q

What happened in the Fall of Malaga?

A
  • Malaga surrounded on 3 sides- vulnerable
  • city was isolated
  • Italian advance: 10,000 troops- successful
22
Q

When was Guernica?

A

April 1937

23
Q

What happened in Guernica?

A
  • German air force attack
  • limited strategic significance
  • occupied one of main routes to North
  • horrified Republicans in Spain and world
  • symbolised cruelty of facist military tactics
24
Q

When was Brunete?

A

July 1937

25
Q

What happened at Brunete?

A
  • Republicans launch first major offensive
  • help to relive Madrid by breaking part of Nationalists siege and cut off one of their major supply routes to North
26
Q

When was the Ebro Offensive?

A

November 1938

27
Q

What happened in the Ebro Offensive?

A
  • strategic aim was to force Nationalists troops to divert their troops North
  • gvt. knew it wouldn’t be enough to win- PM focused on prolonging war
28
Q

When was the Fall of Barcelona?

A

February 1939

29
Q

What happened at the Fall of Barcelona?

A
  • 2 million people isolated- cut off from Republican Spain, food shortages
30
Q

When was the Fall of Madrid?

A

February- March 1939

31
Q

What happened at the Fall of Madrid?

A
  • Nationalists win
  • Azana resigned and West went into exile
  • on 27th March Nationalist groups occupied Madrid
  • Franco had Spain
32
Q

What was life like in Republican zones: Madrid

A
  • Run by Popular Front
  • frequent bombing raids- caused food shortages
  • industries, factories, emplyment brought under gvt control
33
Q

What was life like in Republican zone: Catalonia

A
  • CNT took control
  • drastic economic change
  • visible signs of previous leaders removed
  • churches were destroyed or made into hospitals
34
Q

Atrocities in Republican zone

A
  • industrialists were targeted
  • landowners murdered
  • 6,000 monks, priests and nuns killed
35
Q

Atrocities in Republican zone: who was targeted?

A
  • Falangists
  • Priests
  • Landlords
  • Supporters of CEDA
36
Q

Atrocities in Nationalists zone

A
  • removal of of political enemies and threats
  • Franco supported killings of trade unionists, socialists, communists
37
Q

Atrocities in Nationalists zone: What happened in Badajoz Massacre?

A
  • August 1936
  • shooting
  • 500- 4,000 civilian and military supporters killed
  • bodies left in towns
  • use of fear and propaganda to exert control
38
Q

Life in Nationalist zone

A
  • rebel army declared martial law on all areas under nationalist control
  • martial law: military seizes control of area
  • Franco gave power back to wealthy landowners
  • all opposing political parties banned as well as trade unions and striking
  • Nationalists restored power of church- especially in education

History- Spain (10 decks)

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