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Business > Topic 2.4 Resource management > Flashcards

Topic 2.4 Resource management Flashcards

Mrs Hudson

1
Q

Job Production

A

Producing a one off item for a one off customer

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2
Q

Advantages of job production

A
  • Meets individual customer needs
  • High quality so can charge a higher price
  • Motivated workers
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3
Q

Disadvantages of Job production

A
  • High production costs
  • Very labour intensive
  • Time consuming
  • Need skilled labour
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4
Q

Batch production

A

Producing a set number of identical products

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5
Q

Advantages of Batch production

A
  • Using the same machinery
  • Lower skilled workforce - lower wages
  • Employees are specialised
  • Items can be changed to fit trends
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6
Q

Disadvantages of Batch production

A
  • Workers may be less motivated as the tasks are repetitive
  • Long time between batches (cleaning equipment)
  • Small batches may have high uni costs
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7
Q

Flow production

A

Continuous production of one single item

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8
Q

Advantages of flow production

A
  • Lower average unit cost as bulk producing
  • Automation means quality is always the same
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9
Q

Disadvantages of flow production

A
  • High set up costs because of machinery and automation
  • Machinery may break
  • Low motivation as tasks are repetitive
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10
Q

Cell production

A

The production of items being organised into groups then the teams are sent to statins to see the product through to competition

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11
Q

Advantages of Cell production

A
  • Minimal handling of the product reduces costs
  • Lead time is reduced
  • Motivated workers
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12
Q

Disadvantages of cell production

A
  • May have tension in a cell
  • Huge investment into machinery for each cell
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13
Q

Calculating Labour productivity

A

Output / No. of workers

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14
Q

Calculating Capital productivity

A

Output / No. of machines

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15
Q

Factors that influence productivity

A
  • Employee motivation (Motivated workers produce more)
  • Skills, education and training staff
  • Business organisation (Flexible workplaces improve the commitment of workers)
  • New technology (increase automation can increase productivity)
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16
Q

The link between productivity and competitiveness

A
  • Having higher productivity will lower your costs and then you can pass these on to your customers which will make you more competitive
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17
Q

Calculating efficiency

A

Output / Input x 100

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18
Q

Factors that effect efficiency

A
  • Employee motivation
  • Technology
  • Outsourcing
  • Adoption of lean production techniques
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19
Q

Advantages of capital intensive

A
  • Low cost production
  • Machines can run without breaks
  • Machines are consistent and precise
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20
Q

Disadvantages of capital intensive

A
  • Significant start up costs
  • Break downs can severely delay production
  • May not be flexible
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21
Q

Capital intensive production

A
  • Predominately uses automation and technology
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22
Q

Labour intensive production

A
  • Predominately uses physical labour
23
Q

Advantages of Labour intensive

A
  • Low cost
  • Provides opportunities for workers to be creative
24
Q

Disadvantages of Labour intensive

A
  • Workers may be unreliable as they need breaks
  • Incentives may be needed to motivate staff
  • Training costs may be expensive
25
Q

Calculating Capacity utilisation

A

Current output / Maximum possible output x 100

26
Q

Implications of Over - utilisation

A
  • high level of capacity utilisation - not flexible to respond to new orders from customers
  • Staff will be under a lot of pressure to produce high levels of output
  • Stuggle to service machinery
27
Q

Implications of Under - utilisation

A
  • increased unit costs
  • Provides flexibility
  • The business can respond to sudden increases in demand
  • Inefficient
28
Q

Ways to improve capacity utilisation

A
  • Outsourcing
  • Increase workforce hours
  • Sub contract
  • Reduce time maintaining equipment
29
Q

What is buffer stock?

A
  • A quantity of raw materials or goods kept incase of unforeseen demand
30
Q

Advantages of Buffer stock

A
  • Keep up with demand
  • If deliveries are delay production can carry on
31
Q

Disadvantages of buffer stock

A
  • Storage Cost and space
  • Stock may become dated
  • Opportunity cost (Holding buffer stocks ties up capital)
32
Q

What is just in time?

A
  • Stock is ordered as required, and delivered by suppliers ‘just in time’ for production
33
Q

Advantages of just in time

A
  • No Stockholding costs
  • Cash flow is improved as money is not tied up in stocks
  • Unused storage space is available for productive use
34
Q

Disadvantages of just in time

A
  • Bulk buying economies of scale are not generally possible
  • The ability to respond to unexpected increases in demand is reduced
  • Administrative costs related to frequent ordering are increased
  • Unreliable suppliers (e.g. late or poor quality deliveries) can quickly halt production
35
Q

Ways to minimise waste

A
  • For perishable items, refrigeration and careful stock rotation
  • Staff training and computer inventory management systems
36
Q

Competitive advantage from lean production

A
  • Lower unit costs are achieved due to minimal wastage, so prices may be lower than those offered by competitors
37
Q

Quality control

A
  • Inspecting the quality of output at the end of the production process
38
Q

Advantages of quality control

A
  • No defective items are sold
  • No much staff training is required
39
Q

Disadvantages of Quality control

A
  • Not every item is checked
  • Takes time
  • The product gets to completed while defected so waste of resources
40
Q

Quality assurance

A
  • Inspecting the quality of production throughout the production process
41
Q

Advantages of quality assurance

A
  • All products are checked
  • Products can be re worked as the issues are identified early
42
Q

Disadvantages of quality assurance

A
  • Takes a long time to check
  • More staff need to be employed
43
Q

Quality circles

A
  • Groups of workers meet regularly to solve quality problems identified in the production process
44
Q

Advantages of quality circles

A
  • Can improve staff motivation as they have a say
45
Q

Disadvantages of quality circles

A
  • Whole group of employees have to agree
  • Can cause tension
46
Q

Total quality management

A
  • Organisation of the business with quality at its core and with every worker responsible for quality
47
Q

Advantages of Total quality management

A
  • Deeply routed into the business - everything is always checked
48
Q

Disadvantages of Total quality management

A
  • Requires extensive training and time
  • Requires commitment from the whole organisation
49
Q

Kaizen

A
  • Kaizen involves a business taking continuous steps to improve productivity and eliminate waste in the production process
  • Changes are small and ongoing rather than significant one-off’s and are constantly reviewed
50
Q

Competitive advantage from quality management

A
  • Unit costs are low if a business takes a preventative approach (quality assurance or TQM)
  • Low costs may allow a business to reduce its selling price to better compete with or undercut its rivals
51
Q

Implications of poor stock control

A
  • Storage costs
  • Risk of stock being dates or ruined
  • May run out of stock
  • Can’t meet demand
52
Q

lean production

A
  • Approach to management that focuses on cutting out waste whilst ensuring quality
53
Q

What is productivity?

A
  • The measure of the efficiency of a person, machine or process of production
54
Q

3 types of stock

A
  • Raw materials
  • Work in progress
  • Finished goods

Business (11 decks)

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