Topic 2.3 - Development Dynamics Flashcards
Describe a top down scheme
A government or large organisation which makes a decision or launches a campaign or schemes to increase development and direct the project.
Describe the scale of a top down scheme
Often used for large projects eg. Dams for HEP. These aim to solve large scale problems and improve the lives of lots of people.
Describe the funding of a Top Down scheme
The projects are usually very expensive. Some projects are funded by TNCs or governments from developed countries who will profit from the development. Other projects may be funded by loans from international organisations eg. The world bank.
Describe the technology usage in a Top Down scheme
The projects are usually high tech and energy intensive. The construction usually involves machinery and technology, whoch is often operated by skilled workers
Describe a bottom up scheme
Local people and communities decide on ways to improve things for their own community. NGOs are often involved.
Describe the scale of Bottom up schemes
They are usually small scale and aim to improve the quality of life for the poorest and most vulnerable people in the society.
Describe the funding of a bottom up scheme
Projects are usually much cheaper and mostly, the money comes from charities which often rely on donations from people in richer countries,
Describe the technology usage in bottom up schemes
Projects involve intermediate technology. Local materials are used and local people are employed this means people have the materials and skills to maintain the project.
Access the benefits/ cons of a Top Down scheme
Top down schemes are large scale and can solve massive issues with lot of funding. The workers and tech is higher quality, thus producing a better effect but the work is expensive and the large scale operations can often be very damaging to the environment eg. Roads made for machinery and areas cleared for construction.
Access the benefits/ cons of a bottom up scheme
Bottom up schemes are cheap and usually a lot of people are willing to help out, as it is normally community based. However, the projects are often not long term and cannot fix large projects. They have little funding and therefore have to work with usually only NGO and local materials and supplies and low end tech.
