Topic 2.3 - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is a carbohydrate sub-unit called ?
A monosaccharide
What are the only components in carbs ?
Carbon, Oxygen and Hydrogen
What is the atom ratio ?
1:2:1
What is the formula for all 6C sugars ?
C6H12O6
Give examples of monosaccharides
There are 3C sugars like : triose
There are 5C sugars like : pentose
There are 6C sugars like : glucose, fructose and galactose.
What are disaccharides ?
They are two sugar units
Give examples of disaccharides
Maltose, sucrose and lactose
What are polysaccharides ?
They are simply many sugar units
Give examples of polysaccharides and where they are found.
Starch : found in plants
Glycogen : found in animals (liver and skeletal muscles)
Cellulose : found in cell walls of plants, fungi and certain insects’ exoskeleton
Give the two types of starch
Amylose which has 1,4 linkages so it is unbranched. And there is amylopectin which has some 1,6 bonds so it is a branched molecule.
What bonds for disaccharides ?
Glycosidic bonds
What are the two types of glycosidic bonds ?
There is the alpha glucose which has an H - OH orientation and there is the beta glucose which has an OH - H orientation.
What kind of glycosidic bonds does starch have ? glycogen ? cellulose ?
Starch : alpha
Glycogen : alpha
Cellulose : beta
What is lactose made out of ?
Two monosaccharides, glucose and galactose.
What is cellulose’s main advantage ?
It is highly tensible
