Topic 2.2 Prokaryotic Cells Flashcards
Bacterial cell walls
Prevents cell swelling and bursting and giving the cell its structure some have a slime layer which is formed by starch and protein, gelatin and protein. Protects by white blood cells
Marks the cell so they can identified by the cell
Pili and flagella
Pili are Made out of protein and found in ecoli and salmonella
Flagella can move their on their own 100 revolution per second
Cell surface membrane
Is the site of respitory enzymes and can be used for photosynthesis
Plasmids
Circles of DNA can be resistant to a particular antibiotics
Nucleoid
Larger circle of DNA. Doesn’t have a membrane nucleus and folded over
70 ribosomes
Smaller then 80 ribosomes and carry out photosynthesis
Gram staining and bacteria cell walls
All the bacterial cell walls peptidlycan this is why they are vulnerable to certain antibiotics and can be dehydrated in ethanol
Antibiotics and call wall
They aim at the 70 ribosomes sine don’t effect the bacteria cells
Alternate ways of classifying bacteria
- By their shape
2.grouped by requirements
Hypertonic solution
A solution with a higher concentration of solutions and lower concentration of watery than the surrounding solution
Petidoglycan
Large net like molecule found in all bacteria cell walls made up of many parallel polysaccharide chains with cross linkages
Pili
Thread like protein projection found in the surface of some bacteria
Bacteriophages
Viruses that attack bacterial
Mesosomes
In folding of the cell membrane of bacteria
Gram staining
Stain technique used to distinguish type of bacteria by their cell wall
Gram- positive bacteria
Bacteria that contain certain teicholic acid in their cell walls made up and that can be stained blue or purple with staining
Teicholic acid
A chemical found in cells if gram positive bacteria
Gram- negative
Have no teiecholic acid in their cell walls made up so Turing it red
Cocci
Spherical bacteria
Bacilli
Rod shaped bacteria
Spirilla
Have a twisted or spiral shape
Vibrios
Comma shaped bacteria
Obligate aerobic
Organism that need oxygen for respiratory
Facultative anaerobes
Organism that use oxygen that can also respirate without oxygen
Obligate anaerobic
They can only respirate without oxygen but it can kill it