Topic 2- The Heart

Question 1

Where is the Heart located?

Answer 1

• Thoracic Cavity between the 2 lungs

Question 2

Percaridum:

Answer 2

• The protective membrane sac surrounding the heart.

Question 3

Myogenic Muscle:

Answer 3

• Contracts continuously and involuntarily in the muscle itself without involving nerves or hormones.

Question 4

Atria/Atrium:

Answer 4

Located at the 2 upper chambers, RECEIVING blood from the body or the lungs.

Question 5

Ventricles:

Answer 5

Located at the 2 bottom chambers that PUMPS blood to the body or the lungs.

Question 6

Septum:

Answer 6

Separates the right and left sides by a muscle to prevent the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 7

Right Side of the Heart:

Answer 7

Receives deoxygenated blood.

Question 8

Left side of the heart:

Answer 8

Receives oxygenated blood.

Question 9

Superior and Inferior Vena Cava- blood vessels:

Answer 9

Superior- Carries blood from the upper part of the body.
Inferior- Carries blood from the lower part of the body.

Question 10

How does the heart receive deoxygenated blood?

Answer 10

1. The superior and inferior vena cava carry blood to the right atrium.
2. The blood from the right atrium goes through the tricuspid valve (forces blood to the right ventricle).
3. The blood then goes from the right ventricle into the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary artery.
4. This blood then goes to the lungs to get oxygenated.

Question 11

How does the Heart receive oxygenated blood?

Answer 11

1. The oxygenated blood goes in from the left pulmonary vein to the left atrium.
2. The oxygenated blood then goes to the mitral valve then to the left ventricle.
3. The left ventricle then pumps the oxygenated blood to the semi lunar valve and into the aorta which releases blood to the rest of the body from the arteries.

Question 12

Diastole and Systole

Answer 12

Systole: contraction of ventricles.
- AV valves close and make the LUB sound while to SL valves open.

Diastole: relaxation, making the DUB sound.
- AV valves open and SL valves close.

Question 13

Heart murmur:

Answer 13

• Improper closing of the valves causes some of the blood to back flow. (left bicuspid)

Question 14

Sinatrial Node (SA Node):

Answer 14

Causes the atria to contact and is between to vena cava and the right atrium.
The SA Node causes nerve impulses to go to the AV node. The impulses go to the 2 nerve fibres (Purkinje Fibres). These fibre impulses then go the the left and right ventricles.

Question 15

Sympathetic Nervous system:

Answer 15

• Conducts impulses from the brain to the SA node.
• Causes heart rate to increase-during times of stress.
  +100 beats/minute: Resting heart rate is over

Question 16

Parasympathetic Nervous system:

Answer 16

• Causes heart to have a slow heart rate-during times of relaxation.

Question 17

Pulmonary Artery:

Answer 17

Carries deoxygenated blood, but the arteries usually carry oxygenated blood.

Question 18

Pulmonary Vein:

Answer 18

Carries oxygenated blood, but the vein usually carries deoxygenated blood.