Topic 2- Sports Psychology Flashcards
What are open skills?
Those that are affected by the surrounding environment and have to be adapted as they are done
Give examples of an open skill
Pass in hockey
Dribbling in football
Rugby tackle
What is a closed skill?
Those that are not affected by the surrounding environment
They have more of a set pattern and are pre-planned
Give examples of closed skills
Penalty kick in football
Gymnastics vault
Tennis serve
What is a basic skill?
Skills that are simple, require little thought and decision making
Give examples of basic skills
Running
Swimming
Cycling
Chest pass
What is a complex skill?
Skill that is difficult and requires a lot of info to be processed
Lots of concentration required
Give examples of complex skills
Dribble past defenders
Rock climbing
Passing a baton
What is a low organisation skill?
Skills that are easy to do and have clear separate phases which can be broken down
Give examples of a low organisation skill
Tennis serve
Triple jump
What is a high organisation skill?
Skill that is harder to do and can’t be broken down
Give examples of high organisation skills
Golf swing
Tumbling in gymnastics
What is massed practice?
When there are little/no breaks in a session- same skill is repeated
Give an example of massed practice
30 mins forehand drives in tennis
What is the advantage of massed practice?
Correct movement pattern is grooved
What are the disadvantages of massed practice?
Boring
Tiring
Lead to errors
When is massed practice used?
When a performer is:
Older
Fitter
Experienced/ motivated/ skilled
What classification of skill use massed practice?
Basic
Low organisation
closed
What is distributed practice?
When there are breaks in the session providing rest or change in activity
What are the advantages of distributed practice?
Prevents boredom
Doesn’t get tired
What is the disadvantage of distributed practice?
Performer may not gain the skill in the time allowed
When us distributed practice used?
When the performer is:
A beginner
Young
Not very fit
What classification of skills use distributed practice?
Complex
Open
High organisation
What is fixed practice?
When a whole movement of a skill is repeatedly practiced in the same way
When us fixed practiced used?
When sport made up of closed skills
Practices a situation similar to performance one
What happens during fixed practice?
Situation does not change
Routine repeated
Equipment stay same
What is variable practice?
Same skill is repeated in different situations
When is variable practice used?
When sport is made up of open skills because situation is changing
What are the values of goal setting?
Increased:
Motivation, focus and standard
Improved:
Monitoring of progress and planning
What does SMART stand for?
Specific Measurable Achievable Realistic Time bound
In SMART what does specific mean
your goal must be clear- cannot be vague
In SMART what does measurable mean?
Must be able to be measured in units e.g time distance or numbers
In SMART what does achievable mean?
Means it is something possible for you to do
Avoid setting targets that are too difficult
In SMART what does realistic mean?
One that is possible given all factors involved
E.g do you have the time or training facilities
In SMART what does time bound mean?
Goals must be assigned a time frame for completion
What is visual guidance?
When a performer is shown a skill by:
A video
Pictures
Demonstration
What are the advantages of visual guidance?
Can copy the movement
Can be done with a group
What are the disadvantages of visual guidance?
Demonstration may be poor leading to incorrect movements being learnt
Time consuming or expensive if video
Complex movement hard to copy
What is verbal guidance?
When performer is told about info and how to complete the correct technique
Who is visual guidance good for?
Beginners
Who is verbal guidance good for?
Experienced performers
What are the advantages of verbal guidance?
Instruction can be given quickly
Can be used during performance
No equipment
What are the disadvantages of verbal guidance?
Some movements difficult to explain
Relies of coach’s communication skills
What is manual guidance p?
Where the coach physically supports the performer
E.g gymnast coach supporting a handstand
What are the advantages of manual guidance?
Performer can get a feel for the movement
Builds confidence
Help break down movements
What are the disadvantages of manual guidance?
Doesn’t feel the same then if the movement was unaided
Performer become dependant on supporter
In correct feel lead to in correct move
Only can done one on one
What is mechanical guidance?
Coach uses equipment to support performer
What are the advantages of mechanical guidance?
Performer gets a feel for movement
Builds confidence
Reduces danger
What are the disadvantages of mechanical guidance?
Doesn’t feel the same as it would unaided
Performer comes dependant on support
Can’t normally be used with large groups
Incorrect feel incorrect movement
What is feedback used for?
Provide info about the skill being performed
Help improve skill
Reinforce good practice
What makes feedback effective?
Not be too long
Be given as soon as possible
Be relevant to performer
What is extrinsic feedback?
Feedback from outside the performer e.g a coach telling you what you did right or wrong
Why is extrinsic feedback important?
As Someone watching the skill can observe problems
What type of performers would use extrinsic feedback?
Less experienced performers
What is concurrent feedback?
Given during a performance
Who would use concurrent feedback?
Experience performer
Why is concurrent feedback important?
A coach can give a performer points
what is terminal feedback
given after the performance
when would terminal feedback be used?
when feedback cant be given during a performance e.g diving when a performer is under water
what is mental rehearsal?
involves mentally practising a skill or movement before physically doing it
when can mental rehearsal be used?
in a warm up and during
what are the advantages of mental rehearsal?
can develop an existing skill
focus mind on task
reduce anxiety
build confidence
