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Nature vs Nuture > Topic 2 - Sleep > Flashcards

Topic 2 - Sleep Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stream of consciousness?

A

a person’s thoughts and conscious reactions to events, perceived as a continuous flow. The term was introduced by William James in his Principles of Psychology

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2
Q

What does it mean when our conscious experience is CONTINUOUS?

A
  • never empty, our thoughts flow from one thought to the next
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3
Q

What does it mean when our conscious experience is EVER-CHANGING?

A
  • constantly changes as we become aware of new information
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4
Q

What does it mean when our conscious experience is PERSONAL?

A
  • relies on our own thoughts, feelings and perceptions
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5
Q

What does it mean when our conscious experience is SELECTIVE?

A
  • we choose to focus on some things and ignore others
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6
Q

What is normal waking consciousness (NWC) w/ eg

A
  • you are awake and aware of your thoughts, feelings and perceptions both internally and from the external world.
    eg. - decision making
  • problem solving
  • concentrating
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7
Q

What is altered state of consciousness (ASC) w/ eg

A
  • distinctly different from NWC in terms of elvel of awareness and experience
    eg. - sleeping
  • under influence
  • meditation
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8
Q

Why is sleep an altered state of consciousness?

A
  • because sleep involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with interal and external stimuli
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9
Q

What is sleep?

A

sleep is a regular and naturally occuring altered state of consciousness with the absence of wakefulness and by the loss of consciousness of one’s surroundings

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10
Q

What is NREM?

A

non rapid eye movement

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11
Q

What is a sleep episode in NREM?

A
  • sleep cycle = approximately 90 mins
  • full duration of time spent asleep
  • made up of repeated cycles
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12
Q

What are the brainwaves in NREM?

A
  • beta (12-25 Hz)
  • alpha (8 -12 Hz)
  • theta (4 - 8 Hz)
  • delta (1 - 4 Hz)
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13
Q

What are the two factors measured in brainwaves?

A

Amplitude
Frequency

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14
Q

What is frequency?

A

number of brainwaves per second

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15
Q

What is amplitude?

A

size of peaks and the thoughts

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16
Q

What is stage 1 of NREM?

A

awake -> light sleep
- signified by hypnagogic state
- sleeper looses awareness of themselves
- beta/alpha waves

17
Q

What is stage 2 of NREM?

A
  • relatively light sleep
  • majority of time asleep in NREM 2
  • alpha/theta waves
18
Q

What is stage 3 of NREM?

A
  • deep stage of sleep
  • sleep walking/talking likely
  • theta/delta waves
19
Q

What is REM?

A

rapid eye movement

20
Q

What are the brainwaves in REM?

A

Brain waves during REM sleep appear very similar to brain waves during wakefulness

21
Q

What is an electroencephalograph? (EEG)

A
  • detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of BRAIN
  • visual pattern of brainwaves
22
Q

What is an electromyograph? (EMG)

A
  • detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of MUSCLES
  • less muscle contractions in NREM
23
Q

What is an electroculargraph? (EOG)

A
  • detects, amplifies and records electrical acitvity of muscles responsible for EYE MOVEMENT
24
Q

How has sleep changed across the lifespan (amount of REM and NREM)

A

species have adapted to sleep during periods of time when wakefulness would be the most hazardous

25
Q

How much sleep do adolescents require?

A

8 - 10 hours

26
Q

How much sleep do new born babies require?

A

14 - 17 hours

27
Q

How much sleep do adults require?

A

7 - 9 hours

28
Q

What does delayed onset of sleep mean in adolscent? What hormone?

A

The results indicated that melatonin onset occurs later in adolescents, making it difficult for them to go to sleep earlier at night.

29
Q

What is partial sleep deprivation?

A

when an individual has a shorter sleep duration than the recommended amount over multiple nights

30
Q

What is total sleep deprivation?

A

the elimination of sleep for a period of time to significantly prolong wakefulness

31
Q

What are some psychological effects of sleep deprivation?

A
  • depressed mood
  • poor memory
  • lack of concentration
32
Q

What are some physiological effects of sleep deprivation?

A
  • decision making
  • problem solving
  • controlling behaviour and emotions
33
Q

How long is REM sleep?

A

The first cycle typically lasts 10 minutes, with the final cycle lasting up to 1 hour

34
Q

How many sleep cycles do we have a night?

A

A typical night’s sleep consists of 4 to 5 sleep cycles

35
Q

How long are sleep cycles each night?

A

A complete sleep cycle takes roughly 90 to 110 minutes.26

36
Q

How much REM and NREM is in each cycle?

A

Sleep stages in the following order: N1, N2, N3, N2, REM.

Nature vs Nuture (3 decks)

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