Topic 2 - Sleep Flashcards
What is a stream of consciousness?
a person’s thoughts and conscious reactions to events, perceived as a continuous flow. The term was introduced by William James in his Principles of Psychology
What does it mean when our conscious experience is CONTINUOUS?
- never empty, our thoughts flow from one thought to the next
What does it mean when our conscious experience is EVER-CHANGING?
- constantly changes as we become aware of new information
What does it mean when our conscious experience is PERSONAL?
- relies on our own thoughts, feelings and perceptions
What does it mean when our conscious experience is SELECTIVE?
- we choose to focus on some things and ignore others
What is normal waking consciousness (NWC) w/ eg
- you are awake and aware of your thoughts, feelings and perceptions both internally and from the external world.
eg. - decision making - problem solving
- concentrating
What is altered state of consciousness (ASC) w/ eg
- distinctly different from NWC in terms of elvel of awareness and experience
eg. - sleeping - under influence
- meditation
Why is sleep an altered state of consciousness?
- because sleep involves a loss of awareness and disengagement with interal and external stimuli
What is sleep?
sleep is a regular and naturally occuring altered state of consciousness with the absence of wakefulness and by the loss of consciousness of one’s surroundings
What is NREM?
non rapid eye movement
What is a sleep episode in NREM?
- sleep cycle = approximately 90 mins
- full duration of time spent asleep
- made up of repeated cycles
What are the brainwaves in NREM?
- beta (12-25 Hz)
- alpha (8 -12 Hz)
- theta (4 - 8 Hz)
- delta (1 - 4 Hz)
What are the two factors measured in brainwaves?
Amplitude
Frequency
What is frequency?
number of brainwaves per second
What is amplitude?
size of peaks and the thoughts
What is stage 1 of NREM?
awake -> light sleep
- signified by hypnagogic state
- sleeper looses awareness of themselves
- beta/alpha waves
What is stage 2 of NREM?
- relatively light sleep
- majority of time asleep in NREM 2
- alpha/theta waves
What is stage 3 of NREM?
- deep stage of sleep
- sleep walking/talking likely
- theta/delta waves
What is REM?
rapid eye movement
What are the brainwaves in REM?
Brain waves during REM sleep appear very similar to brain waves during wakefulness
What is an electroencephalograph? (EEG)
- detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of BRAIN
- visual pattern of brainwaves
What is an electromyograph? (EMG)
- detects, amplifies and records electrical activity of MUSCLES
- less muscle contractions in NREM
What is an electroculargraph? (EOG)
- detects, amplifies and records electrical acitvity of muscles responsible for EYE MOVEMENT
How has sleep changed across the lifespan (amount of REM and NREM)
species have adapted to sleep during periods of time when wakefulness would be the most hazardous
How much sleep do adolescents require?
8 - 10 hours
How much sleep do new born babies require?
14 - 17 hours
How much sleep do adults require?
7 - 9 hours
What does delayed onset of sleep mean in adolscent? What hormone?
The results indicated that melatonin onset occurs later in adolescents, making it difficult for them to go to sleep earlier at night.
What is partial sleep deprivation?
when an individual has a shorter sleep duration than the recommended amount over multiple nights
What is total sleep deprivation?
the elimination of sleep for a period of time to significantly prolong wakefulness
What are some psychological effects of sleep deprivation?
- depressed mood
- poor memory
- lack of concentration
What are some physiological effects of sleep deprivation?
- decision making
- problem solving
- controlling behaviour and emotions
How long is REM sleep?
The first cycle typically lasts 10 minutes, with the final cycle lasting up to 1 hour
How many sleep cycles do we have a night?
A typical night’s sleep consists of 4 to 5 sleep cycles
How long are sleep cycles each night?
A complete sleep cycle takes roughly 90 to 110 minutes.26
How much REM and NREM is in each cycle?
Sleep stages in the following order: N1, N2, N3, N2, REM.
