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Nature vs Nuture > Topic 1 - Brain and Nervous System > Flashcards

Topic 1 - Brain and Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What is psychology?

A

study of the human mind and its functions

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2
Q

What is behaviour?

A

Observable action made by a living person or action

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3
Q

What is mental processes?

A

A experience that occurs within an individual, that cannot be directly observed

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4
Q

What is an example of the relationship between behaviour and mental processes?

A

They influence each other. eg. you feel cold (mental process) so then you put on a jumper (behaviour)

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5
Q

What are 5 specialst areas in psychology?

A
  1. sport
  2. forensic
  3. clinical
  4. community
  5. health
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6
Q

What is the difference between a psychologist and psychiatrist?

A

A psychiatrist have to study medicine and they can also prescribe medication where as psychologists cannot actually prescribe the medicine, they must get it from a psychiatrist.

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7
Q

What are the 2 parts the brain is made up of?

A

Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

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8
Q

What is the function of the CNS? (3)

A
  • composed of the brain and spinal chord
  • brain is control centre of body
  • spinal chord allows brain to communicate
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9
Q

What is the function of the PNS? (3)

A
  • any nerve outside the brain and spinal chord
  • communicate information from the bodies organs, muscles and glands TO brain
  • communicate information FROM brain to bodies organs, muscles and glands
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10
Q

What is the somatic nervous system? (3)

A
  • sensory and motor
  • responsible for carrying messages from the brain to skeletal muscles (sensory)
  • carrying messages from the senses to the brain for processing (motor)
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11
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system? (3)

A
  • sympathetic and parasympathetic
  • controls the body’s non skeletal muscles and internal organs and glands
  • to carry out bodily functions for survival (digestion)
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12
Q

What is sympathetic nervous system?

A

fight or flight

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13
Q

What is parasympathetic nervous system?

A

rest and digest

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14
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum? (2)

A
  • base of the brain
  • responsible for muscle coordination and balance
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15
Q

What is the function of the pons? (2)

A
  • connection between cerebellum and cerebrum
  • regulating breathing and sleep cycles
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16
Q

What is the function of the cerebrum? (2)

A
  • located above cerebellum
  • 4 lobes
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17
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe? (3)

A
  • largest of 4 lobes
  • contains primary MOTOR cortext which initiates voluntary movement
  • 3 P’s (problem solving, planning, personality)
  • decision making, expression of emotion
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18
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe? (3)

A
  • found in upper back half of the brain
  • contains primary SOMATOSENSORY cortex
  • spatial awareness
  • processing sensory information
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19
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe? (4)

A
  • dedicated to vision
  • contains primary VISUAL cortex
    LEFT lobe - receives information from right visual field
    RIGHT lobe - receives information from left visual field
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20
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe? (4)

A
  • next to ears
  • responsible for hearing and language comprehension
  • contains primary AUDITORY cortex
  • recognising faces, places, songs, paintings
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21
Q

What is the function of the left hemisphere? (5)

A

LLRN
- logic
- language
- reasoning
- number skills
- right-hand control

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22
Q

What is the function of the right hemisphere? (5)

A

ACII
- art awareness
- creativity
- intuition
- imagination
- left-hand control

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23
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A
  • sensory data arrives here and is relayed to specific areas of the somatosensory cortex
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24
Q

What is the function of the amygdala? (2)

A
  • emotions of fear and anger
  • key role in our emotional responses
25
Q

What is Broca’s area? (2)

A
  • found in left frontal lobe
  • responsible for coordinating the movements of the muscles
  • required for production of speech
26
Q

What is Werincke’s area? (3)

A
  • found in left temporal lobe
  • responsible for the comprehension of speech
  • interprets the sound of speech
27
Q

What is a neuron? (1)

A
  • individual nerve cell
28
Q

What is a nerve?

A

A bundle of fibers that receives and sends messages between the body and the brain.

29
Q

What do sensory neurons do?

A

pick up information from your senses to your brain

30
Q

What do interneurons do?

A

Only found in CNS, carry sensory information and regulate motor activity

31
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

move your organs/muscles/glands

32
Q

What do dendrites do?

A

Recieve information from other neurons and transmits it to the soma

33
Q

What does the soma do?

A

Contains the nucleus and maintain the neurons and keeps it function (also known as the cell body)

34
Q

What does the axon do?

A

Transmitts information from the soma to the axon terminal.

35
Q

What does the axon terminal do?

A

Stores and secrets neurotransmitters (found at end of axons, small structure)

36
Q

What does the myelin do?

A

Coats the axon, insulates the axon, and allows the message to past faster along the axon. (white fatty substance)

37
Q

What does the synaptic gap do?

A

Space between 2 neurons where neurotransmitters travel between that space

38
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

chemicals that neurons used to communicate with each other

39
Q

How can a brain recover after injury?

A

Plasticity

40
Q

What is plasticity?

A

The ability of the brain to change in response to experience by changing the connections between neurons.

41
Q

What are the types of plasticity?

A

Developmental and adaptive

42
Q

What is developmental plasticity?

A
  • the natural changes that take place in everyones brains as we mature and have new experiences
43
Q

What is adaptive plasticity?

A
  • ability of the brain to compensate for lost function in the event of brain injury
  • can learn new information or skills
44
Q

What are the 3 processes of plasticity?

A
  1. synaptogenesis
  2. rerouting
  3. sprouting
45
Q

What is synaptogenesis?

A

formation of synapses between neurons in the NS

46
Q

What is rerouting?

A

when an undamanged neuron that has lost connection with an active neurons finds a new active neuron to connect with

47
Q

What is sprouting?

A

growth of axon and dendrite branches to enable the neuron to make new connections

48
Q

What is the difference between a excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter?

A

An excitatory transmitter promotes the generation of an electrical signal meaning the message continues to be passed onto the next cell, while an inhibitory transmitter prevents it.

49
Q

Why are neurons refered to as electrochemical?

A

This is because inside the neuron the message is electrical and outside the neuron the message is in a chemical form.

50
Q

What are some causes of brain damage?

A
  • car accident
  • stroke
  • alcohol/drugs
  • infection
51
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Impairment of language, affecting the production or comprehension of speech and ability to read or write. Due to brain injury. (commonly a stroke)

52
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

When you struggle to speak, more specifically struggle to form words

53
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

impaired language comprehension
- can speak sentences just jumbled

54
Q

What happened to HM? (Henry Molaison)

A
  • HM got severe amnesia
  • also had surgeries to help reduce seizures at 27
  • then he was not able to form long term memories
  • surgery removed most of the hippocampus on both sides of the brain
55
Q

What happened to Phineas Gage?

A
  • a 4 foot long tamping iron into his left cheek through his frontal lobe and out through the skull
  • lost 11% of the white matter in his frontal lobe
  • lost 4% in the cerebral cortex
56
Q

What is biology?

A

study of all living things

57
Q

What are some types of biolgoy?

A

marine biology
zoology

58
Q

What is the function of the hippocampus?

A
  • holds memories
  • helps with direction
    CAMP INSTRUCTORS ***
59
Q
A

Nature vs Nuture (3 decks)

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