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mt > Topic 2: Sensory Information (Bridge) > Flashcards

Topic 2: Sensory Information (Bridge) Flashcards

1
Q

The PNS carries ______ information to CNS

A

Sensory (afferent)

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2
Q

The sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body without the use of vision is _____

A

Proprioception

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3
Q

Interoception is the perception of _____

A

Bodily sensations including pain, temperature, itch, sensual touch, visceral sensations, hunger, thirst, “air hunger” and emotional awareness

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4
Q

Internal and external environment reaches the CNS in the form of ________

A

Action potentials (APs) aka nerve impulses

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5
Q

T/F: Even if our sensory receptors are normal, if our perception is abnormal it will change the information we sense and the interference we make

A

True

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6
Q

______ is a decreased CNS response to a repeated stimulus

A

Habituation

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7
Q

______ is an increased response to a repeated stimulus

A

Sensitization

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8
Q

T/F: All unipolar neurons are sensory (afferent) neurons

A

True

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9
Q

The terms ______ or ______ signifies that a neuron is in the process of sending a nerve impulse

A

Firing or Depolarizing

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10
Q

What is adaption?

A

Decrease in sensory receptor (PNS) sensitivity during a long-lasting stimulus

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11
Q

Receptors which continue to respond throughout the duration of a prolonged stimulus are termed _____

A

Slow adapting

Ex: nociceptors

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12
Q

Receptors that respond best to change are called _____

A

Fast adapting

Ex: Olfactory receptors

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13
Q

What is absolute threshold ?

A

Smallest amount you can just sense ‘something about half of the time’

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14
Q

What is difference threshold?

A

Smallest amount of change needed in a stimulus before we notice the change

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15
Q

_______ states that the change needed to notice a difference between two stimuli is proportional to the original intensity of the stimulus

A

Weber’s Law

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16
Q

The ability to accurately locate the site of stimulation and to detect that neighbouring stimuli are actually separate

A

Spatial discrimination

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17
Q

What is the two-point threshold?

A

The minimal distance in which two separate stimuli can be distinguished as separate

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18
Q

An area of skin that is a combination of the receptive field of the sensory axons originating from a single nerve

A

Dermatome

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19
Q

C5

A

Lateral shoulder and arm

20
Q

C7

A

Middle finger

21
Q

C6

A

Thumb, index finger (radial border of hand)

22
Q

C8

A

4th/5th finger (ulnar border of hand)

23
Q

T1

A

Medial elbow

24
Q

T2-T12

A

Intercostal nn. form segmental strips on thorax

25
Q

T10

A

Across umbilicus

26
Q

T12

A

Goes across upper edge of the pubic bone

27
Q

What are the different types of Receptor Classification

A
  1. Classification by Location: Cutaneous Receptors
  2. Classification by Morphology
  3. Classification by Adequate Stimulus
28
Q

Which cutaneous receptors are found in the upper most part of the dermis, especially superficial layers of glabrous skin(fingertips, lips) and what do they detect?

A

Meissner corpuscles & Merkel cells. They detect discriminative touch

29
Q

Which cutaneous receptors are also found in glabrous skin?

A

Ruffini or bulbous corpuscle. They are sensitive to skin stretch, monitor slippage of objects along the surface of the skin, allowing grip on objects

30
Q

Which cutaneous receptors are found deeper in the skin & subcutaneous tissue?

A

Pacinian corpuscle. They detect ‘deep touch’ (pressure)

31
Q

Which cutaneous receptors are multi-layered capsules w/ many branched nerve endings?

A

Build of Krause. They help us feel extreme cold

32
Q

What are the Two major types of Nociceptors

A

A-Delta

C aka C-PMN (Polymodal)

33
Q

Which of the Two major receptors are myelinated?

A

A-Delta

34
Q

The stimulus for C-PMN are

A

Thermal
Mechanical pressure
Chemical

35
Q

A-Delta Distributes where

A

Superficial skin, infolding of the alimentary canal

36
Q

Associated neuron speed for A-Delta is ____

A

Carries fast, ‘first pain’

37
Q

Receptive fields for C-PMN are ___

A

Large, sensations not as clearly localized

38
Q

The perceptive correlation for A-Delta is____

A

Sharp, stinging, cutting, stabbing

39
Q

What is the pain behaviour for C-PMN and A-Delta

A

C-PMN: immobilization

A-delta: Withdrawal response

40
Q

The perceptive correlation for C-PMN is _____

A

aching, burning, dull, throbbing, itching

41
Q

What do muscle spindles detect?

A

1) rate of change in muscle length (stretch)

2) static length of the muscles

42
Q

T/F: Muscles spindles are abundant in the small muscles of the hand and foot

A

True

Exceptions include the tongue and ocular muscles in which they are scarce

43
Q

What is the unipolar neuron coming from a mm. spindle referred to as ____

A

1a fibre

44
Q

Muscles spindles consist of _______ fibres

A

Intrafusal muscle fibres

45
Q

What do muscle spindles do?

A

They send information about muscle stretch to the CNS

46
Q

What is the most abundant type of LMN?

A

Alpha motor neurons

47
Q

Alpha motor neurons innervate ______ fibers

A

Extrafusal muscle fibers (aka skeletal muscle fibers) outside of the spindle

mt (8 decks)

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