Topic 2: Sensory Information (Bridge)

Question 1

The PNS carries ______ information to CNS

Answer 1

Sensory (afferent)

Question 2

The sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body without the use of vision is _____

Answer 2

Proprioception

Question 3

Interoception is the perception of _____

Answer 3

Bodily sensations including pain, temperature, itch, sensual touch, visceral sensations, hunger, thirst, “air hunger” and emotional awareness

Question 4

Internal and external environment reaches the CNS in the form of ________

Answer 4

Action potentials (APs) aka nerve impulses

Question 5

T/F: Even if our sensory receptors are normal, if our perception is abnormal it will change the information we sense and the interference we make

Answer 5

True

Question 6

______ is a decreased CNS response to a repeated stimulus

Answer 6

Habituation

Question 7

______ is an increased response to a repeated stimulus

Answer 7

Sensitization

Question 8

T/F: All unipolar neurons are sensory (afferent) neurons

Answer 8

True

Question 9

The terms ______ or ______ signifies that a neuron is in the process of sending a nerve impulse

Answer 9

Firing or Depolarizing

Question 10

What is adaption?

Answer 10

Decrease in sensory receptor (PNS) sensitivity during a long-lasting stimulus

Question 11

Receptors which continue to respond throughout the duration of a prolonged stimulus are termed _____

Answer 11

Slow adapting

Ex: nociceptors

Question 12

Receptors that respond best to change are called _____

Answer 12

Fast adapting

Ex: Olfactory receptors

Question 13

What is absolute threshold ?

Answer 13

Smallest amount you can just sense ‘something about half of the time’

Question 14

What is difference threshold?

Answer 14

Smallest amount of change needed in a stimulus before we notice the change

Question 15

_______ states that the change needed to notice a difference between two stimuli is proportional to the original intensity of the stimulus

Answer 15

Weber’s Law

Question 16

The ability to accurately locate the site of stimulation and to detect that neighbouring stimuli are actually separate

Answer 16

Spatial discrimination

Question 17

What is the two-point threshold?

Answer 17

The minimal distance in which two separate stimuli can be distinguished as separate

Question 18

An area of skin that is a combination of the receptive field of the sensory axons originating from a single nerve

Answer 18

Dermatome

Question 19

C5

Answer 19

Lateral shoulder and arm

Question 20

C7

Answer 20

Middle finger

Question 21

C6

Answer 21

Thumb, index finger (radial border of hand)

Question 22

C8

Answer 22

4th/5th finger (ulnar border of hand)

Question 23

T1

Answer 23

Medial elbow

Question 24

T2-T12

Answer 24

Intercostal nn. form segmental strips on thorax

Question 25

T10

Answer 25

Across umbilicus

Question 26

T12

Answer 26

Goes across upper edge of the pubic bone

Question 27

What are the different types of Receptor Classification

Answer 27

1. Classification by Location: Cutaneous Receptors 2. Classification by Morphology 3. Classification by Adequate Stimulus

Question 28

Which cutaneous receptors are found in the upper most part of the dermis, especially superficial layers of glabrous skin(fingertips, lips) and what do they detect?

Answer 28

Meissner corpuscles & Merkel cells. They detect discriminative touch

Question 29

Which cutaneous receptors are also found in glabrous skin?

Answer 29

Ruffini or bulbous corpuscle. They are sensitive to skin stretch, monitor slippage of objects along the surface of the skin, allowing grip on objects

Question 30

Which cutaneous receptors are found deeper in the skin & subcutaneous tissue?

Answer 30

Pacinian corpuscle. They detect 'deep touch' (pressure)

Question 31

Which cutaneous receptors are multi-layered capsules w/ many branched nerve endings?

Answer 31

Build of Krause. They help us feel extreme cold

Question 32

What are the Two major types of Nociceptors

Answer 32

A-Delta | C aka C-PMN (Polymodal)

Question 33

Which of the Two major receptors are myelinated?

Answer 33

A-Delta

Question 34

The stimulus for C-PMN are

Answer 34

Thermal Mechanical pressure Chemical

Question 35

A-Delta Distributes where

Answer 35

Superficial skin, infolding of the alimentary canal

Question 36

Associated neuron speed for A-Delta is ____

Answer 36

Carries fast, 'first pain'

Question 37

Receptive fields for C-PMN are ___

Answer 37

Large, sensations not as clearly localized

Question 38

The perceptive correlation for A-Delta is____

Answer 38

Sharp, stinging, cutting, stabbing

Question 39

What is the pain behaviour for C-PMN and A-Delta

Answer 39

C-PMN: immobilization | A-delta: Withdrawal response

Question 40

The perceptive correlation for C-PMN is _____

Answer 40

aching, burning, dull, throbbing, itching

Question 41

What do muscle spindles detect?

Answer 41

1) rate of change in muscle length (stretch) | 2) static length of the muscles

Question 42

T/F: Muscles spindles are abundant in the small muscles of the hand and foot

Answer 42

True | Exceptions include the tongue and ocular muscles in which they are scarce

Question 43

What is the unipolar neuron coming from a mm. spindle referred to as ____

Answer 43

1a fibre

Question 44

Muscles spindles consist of _______ fibres

Answer 44

Intrafusal muscle fibres

Question 45

What do muscle spindles do?

Answer 45

They send information about muscle stretch to the CNS

Question 46

What is the most abundant type of LMN?

Answer 46

Alpha motor neurons

Question 47

Alpha motor neurons innervate ______ fibers

Answer 47

Extrafusal muscle fibers (aka skeletal muscle fibers) outside of the spindle