topic 2- plants

Question 1

epidermal tissue function

Answer 1

covers the whole plant

Question 2

palisade mesophyll tissue function

Answer 2

part of the leaf where most photosynthesis happens

Question 3

spongy mesophyll tissue function

Answer 3

contains big air spaces to allow gases to diffuse in and out of the cells

Question 4

mieristem tisue function

Answer 4

found at the growing tips (shoots and roots) and can differentiate into lots of different types of plant cells, allowing the plant to grow

Question 5

upper epidermis is ..

Answer 5

transparent so that light can pass through it to the palisade layer

Question 6

what are the epidermal tissues covered with

Answer 6

a waxy cuticle

Question 7

what does the waxy cuticle do

Answer 7

it helps to reduce water loss by evaporation- this prevents the leaf from drying out

Question 8

what does the palisade layer have

Answer 8

lots of chloroplasts

Question 9

where is the palisade layer in the leaf

Answer 9

towards the top so they can get more light

Question 10

what do the xylem and phloem do together

Answer 10

they deliver water and other nutrients to the entire leaf and take away the glucose produced by photosynthesis

Question 11

what are tissues of the leaf adapted for

Answer 11

efficient gas exchange

Question 12

what is the lower epidermis full of

Answer 12

little holes called stomata, which like carbon dioxide diffuse directly into the leaf and oxygen to diffuse of the leaf

Question 13

what is the opening and the closing of the stomata controlled by

Answer 13

guard cells

Question 14

what do the air spaces inside the spongy mesophyll do

Answer 14

increase the rate of diffusion of gases

Question 15

what are phloem tubes made from

Answer 15

elongated living cells

Question 16

why do phloem tubes have small walls in the end walls

Answer 16

to allow cell sap to flow through

Question 17

what do phloem tubes transport

Answer 17

they transport dissolved sugars produced in photosynthesis from the leaves tot he rest of the plant

Question 18

what is translocation

Answer 18

the movement of sugars up and down the plant through the phloem tissue

Question 19

which vessel carries out translocation

Answer 19

phloem tubes

Question 20

what are xylem tubes made of

Answer 20

dead cells

Question 21

what material is xylem tubes strengthened by

Answer 21

lignin

Question 22

describe the transpiration stream

Answer 22

the movement of water from the roots, through the xylem and out of the leaves

Question 23

what do xylem tubes do

Answer 23

they carry water and dissolved mineral ions such as magnesium from the roots to the stem and leaves

Question 24

what is transpiration caused by

Answer 24

the evaporation and diffusion of water from a plant’s surface

Question 25

where does most transpiration happen

Answer 25

at the leaves

Question 26

what does the evaporation from a plant’s surface create in the leaf

Answer 26

a shortage of of water in the leaf and so more water is drawn up from the rest of the plant through the xylem vessels to replace it

Question 27

the epidermis … the surface of the leaf

Answer 27

protects

Question 28

2 things that the stomata do

Answer 28

• it helps to control the amount of water vapour that can pass out of the leaf
• allows carbon dioxide to enter the leaf and oxygen to leave the leaf

Question 29

the air spaces inside the spongy mesophyll allow …

Answer 29

carbon dioxide and oxygen to diffuse from the stomata through the spongy mesophyll to the palisade cells

Question 30

the sugars in phloem vessels can be stored as

Answer 30

starch

Question 31

the sugars in phloem tubes can be used as glucose for

Answer 31

respiration

Question 32

what cells do meristem tissues contain

Answer 32

stem cells

Question 33

what do the hairs on the root hair cells do

Answer 33

increase the surface area of the root so it ca absorb water and dissolved minerals more effectively

Question 34

why do root hair cells not contain chloroplasts

Answer 34

because they are underground

Question 35

why do xylem cells have very thick walls

Answer 35

to provide support to the plant- made out of lignin

Question 36

what causes xylem cells to die

Answer 36

lignin

Question 37

why do xylem vessels have no internal structures

Answer 37

to make it easier for water and minerals to flow through

Question 38

what 2 cells do phloem tubes contain

Answer 38

• phloem vessel cells

- end walls have pores called sieve plates